The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.     

基于轻型车国六标准和国五标准下的道路滑行阻力比对研究

阐述了乘用车道路滑行的工作原理,比较了基于轻型车国六标准的道路滑行法(简称国六滑行法)和基于国五标准的道路滑行法(简称国五滑行法)在阻力模型建立、滑行时间计算和试验结果修正等方面的差异,并开展了实车验证。理论和实践表明,国六滑行法比国五滑行法阻力大。     

带缺陷隧道底板结构空气耦合冲击回波响应特性研究

针对隧道底板中空腔、含水、裂缝等结构内部损伤情况，为提高传统接触式冲击回波方法的检测效率，从气-固耦合的角度出发，以空气作为底板结构与检测系统之间应力波传播的耦合介质，开展隧道底板结构内部缺陷的空气耦合冲击回波响应特性研究。研究结果表明： 1）采用空气耦合冲击回波的方法确定的底板结构内部缺陷深度与缺陷理论深度值基本吻合； 2）检测系统的精度与缺陷尺寸及深度有关，随着缺陷尺寸的减小及深度增加，检测精度逐渐降低； 3）空气耦合冲击回波方法对空腔和含水缺陷的检测效果优于裂缝缺陷检测效果。     

Participating mass in colliding risers

One of the main challenges in estimating impact energy in collisions between marine risers is the assessment of the riser mass involved in the collision. Evidently the entire riser mass does not contribute to the collision. Hence, the question is: What is the equivalent riser mass which contributes to the impact energy? This article presents three different ways of estimating the riser mass participating in the collision energy. The first method is strictly experimental. The second method uses a numerical experiment together with system identification techniques. The third method is a strictly analytical method, which results in an asymptotically upper bounded estimate of the participating mass. Two risers are examined as case studies. The first riser is a 1 : 100 model scale riser used in collision experiments carried out at Marintek's towing tank in Trondheim, Norway. The second case uses a real world riser in use on the Troll B oil production platform operating in the North Sea. The proposed methods yield consistent and comparable results. Received for publication on Feb. 1, 1999; accepted on July 8, 1999     

基于阻性分离技术的氧化锌避雷器试验台

电力机车大气过电压保护主要是在网侧设置金属氧化物避雷器，检修规程要求应定期对避雷器进行预防性试验，氧化锌避雷器的等效电路为非线性电阻与非线性电容的并联，如何从物理结构上不可分割的非线性阻容并联的电路中准确分离出阻性电流，是该试验台研制的重点。     

超长无缝高层建筑外檐石材幕墙结构的抗震设计与施工控制

结合实际工程项目，全面考虑各种荷载及相关因素，研究天津地区大风、地震等不利环境条件下超长无缝高层建筑外檐石材幕墙结构的受力状态，优化各种异型支架，解决了幕墙结构安全可靠性，降低工程造价。     

(48+80+48)m连续梁桥与轨道系统地震响应规律研究

为研究高速铁路连续梁桥-轨道系统地震响应规律,采用非线性弹簧模拟线路纵向阻力,建立考虑轨道及下部结构的(48+80+48)m连续梁桥-轨道系统仿真模型,分析温度、活载和制动作用下桥上无缝线路梁轨相互作用纵向力分布规律,在此基础上,研究地震作用下连续梁桥-轨道系统动力响应特性。研究表明:温度、活载及列车制动作用下梁轨相对位移、钢轨应力等均在桥台附近取得极大值,地震频谱特性对梁轨系统动力响应有很大的影响。     

中小跨径公路混凝土简支梁桥冲击系数研究及建议取值

为弥补中国现行桥梁规范中计算动力冲击系数时考虑因素单一的不足,对冲击系数的影响因素进行研究,并提出更合理的冲击系数建议值。首先,根据中国桥梁通用图集建立13座不同截面形式和不同跨径的常见中小跨径公路混凝土简支梁桥的有限元模型,结合能表征中国设计车辆荷载动力特性的三维车辆数值模型,建立车桥耦合振动分析系统。然后,基于车桥耦合振动分析系统,研究桥梁基频、桥面不平整度、车速和车质量等因素对动力冲击系数的影响,并与中国现行桥梁设计规范中的动力冲击系数取值进行对比分析。最后,提出冲击系数的建议值,并与世界各国桥梁规范中的冲击系数取值进行对比,讨论建议值的合理性。结果表明:桥面不平整度是影响冲击系数的重要因素,在桥面好的情况下,冲击系数均在0.1以下,低于规范中规定的冲击系数,而桥面很差时,冲击系数可达0.5,远大于中国现行规范中的冲击系数设计值,因此,定期对桥面进行维护能有效减小车辆对桥梁的冲击效应;质量轻的车辆引起更大的冲击系数,但由于车辆总质量轻,其导致的总荷载效应仍然较小,而重车虽然引起的冲击系数较小,但由于其导致的总荷载效应较大,更易对桥面造成损伤,因此,限制超载尤为重要。     

疏浚管路阻力损失计算方法的分析

管道输沙阻力损失计算是江河湖泊、港口航道疏浚工程中的一个基本问题,它是设计管道浆体输送系统的重要参数,直接关系到动力设备的选型和运行的能耗.文章重点以疏浚工程中泥沙的输送为研究对象,对管内两相流动的阻力特性及临界流速问题进行了初步研究,并实验研究了泥沙在不同的浓度和速度下的阻力特性,对3种模型的阻力损失计算模型进行了检验、分析和评价.结果表明Jufin＆Lopatin是一个比较好的计算模型.对于颗粒的不均匀性的影响,科学的方法能提高计算模型的计算精度.     

Insertion Mutagenesis of Trichoderma atroviride by Restriction Enzyme-mediated DNA integration

The integration of transforming DNA mediat-ed by the in vivo action of restriction enzymes(RE-MI) was first described in yeast. Insertion mutage-nesis by REMI is a method that is being used togenerate mutations whose molecular basis can beeasily identified. REMI mutagenesis has a majoradvantage over classical mutagenesis in that themutants are marked with a molecular tag by themutagenic event. REMI has been described inmany organisms including the filamentous fungi,and its technology ha…