区域生态公路建设指标体系的初步构建

针对公路建设中发生的生态环境问题,以烟台公路生态路网建设为模板,构建区域生态公路建设的指标体系,对生态公路建设提出了系统性的解决方案。     

关于公路运输量调查统计的思考与建议

针对我国公路运输量调查的历史沿革、调查工作现状、目前存在的问题和不足进行分析论述,并提出改进意见和建议。     

Monitoring marine plankton ecosystems: Identification of the most relevant indicators of the state of an ecosystem

The number of variables involved in the monitoring of an ecosystem can be high and often one of the first stages in the analysis is to reduce the number of variables. We describe a method developed for geological purposes, using the information theory, that enables selection of the most relevant variables. This technique also allows the examination of the asymmetrical relationships between variables. Applied to a set of physical and biological variables (plankton assemblages in four areas of the North Sea), the method shows that biological variables are more informative than physical variables although the controlling factors are mainly physical (sea surface temperature in winter and spring). Among biological variables, diversity measures and warm-water species assemblages are informative for the state of the North Sea pelagic ecosystems while among physical variables sea surface temperature in late winter and early spring are highly informative. Although often used in bioclimatology, the utilisation of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index does not seem to provide a lot of information. The method reveals that only the extreme states of this index has an influence on North Sea pelagic ecosystems. The substantial and persistent changes that were detected in the dynamic regime of the North Sea ecosystems and called regime shift are detected by the method and corresponds to the timing of other shifts described in the literature for some European Systems such as the Baltic and the Mediterranean Sea when both physical and biological variables are considered.     

改进的3阶WENO-N3格式及其在内爆炸载荷计算中的应用

  目的  高分辨率激波捕捉格式对含激波流场的数值模拟具有重要意义,其不但可以降低网格的规模,而且能较好地分辨出流场中复杂的波系结构。  方法  通过在权函数公式中增加额外项的方式构造出WENO-N+3格式,并采用泰勒级数展开的方法对WENO-N3和WENO-N+3格式在极值点处的精度进行理论推导和精度数值测试。选用激波与熵波相互作用、双爆轰波碰撞、瑞利—泰勒不稳定性等问题验证改进格式WENO-N+3与WENO-JS3,WENO-Z3和WENO-N3格式的区别。最后,将改进格式WENO-N+3应用于内爆炸载荷的数值计算。  结果  研究表明,改进格式WENO-N+3相较其他格式耗散低,并且在相同的计算网格下能给出较高的冲击波峰值。  结论  该方法可用于内爆炸载荷的数值计算。     

National road mortality reduction targets under European Union road safety policy: 2011–2020

The European Union (EU) has proposed renewing the target for halving the number of road fatalities in the period 2011–2020. In this paper, a nonlinear distribution method for dynamic fatality reduction targets is applied for the purpose of finding individual national mortality reduction targets for each of the 27 member countries in the EU. Weighting is undertaken for four scenarios based on the following indicators: road mortality rates, fatality rates, fatality risks, and fatality density. Results are presented for four proposals to reduce the number of fatalities in each Member State, based on the original situation of the indicators considered in the study. The results seek to provide policy-makers with a broader vision with regard to the achievement of the goals of EU road safety policy.     

人车冲突风险度评价指标计算研究综述

由于交通事故生成特点与事故统计缺陷的客观存在,交通冲突技术逐渐取代交通事故统计被应用于行人安全评价中.瑞典学者首先提出衡量车辆之间冲突严重程度的若干指标,其定义被不断修改和延伸,逐渐应用于人车冲突分析.对瑞典、日本及中国学者提出的人车冲突指标的概念、计算方法以及应用情况进行系统性地阐述,并归纳分析不同人车冲突指标的共性和差异性,探讨其局限性.多数指标并未考虑整个冲突过程,而只是分析某个特定时刻的严重性.此外,部分指标是基于计划轨迹和当前速度所预测的碰撞点提出的,但并未解释预测是如何完成的.最后,提出了人车冲突指标研究的难点,并对其进行展望.指标的可靠度和有效性是提出新指标需要考量的2个重要方面;如何准确、便捷、高效地利用视频数据进行指标提取是下一步研究的内容.     

无砟轨道胀板病害区段的自动化评估方法研究

CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道广泛应用于我国高速铁路中,在现场的服役过程中胀板病害是其性能劣化的最主要表现之一。对胀板病害特征及其形成原因作了简要分析,针对胀板病害区段,利用轨检数据分析了高低不平顺的时域波形特征,计算高低不平顺的时域特征值,并给出胀板区段自动化评估方法,建立高速铁路无砟轨道区段评估指标管理办法。通过算例对所提算法的适用性和准确性进行验证。结果表明:高温期胀板区段单块与连续轨道板病害表征为时域波形单峰与多峰特征;区段标准差这一指标可以作为描述胀板结构性病害的依据;利用胀板病害区段自动化评估算法实现了胀板区段的定量化评估。     

北京市域快线主要技术指标研究

分析现阶段北京轨道交通发展现状,提出研究市域轨道交通主要技术指标的必要性。北京市域快线具有服务半径大、旅行时间长、运行速度快、服务水平高等特点,把市域快线特点需求归纳为需求层、服务层、系统层3个层次,提出北京市域快线最高速度、旅行速度、行车间隔、车辆定员、车辆参数等指标。     

Measuring the influence of bus service quality on the perception of users

Encouraging the use of public transport is a key policy goal in many countries. Therefore, public transport should offer the level of quality that accommodates the demands of current users, and importantly, the desires of potential users. This study investigates the influence of the perceived quality of bus service on the perception of both current and potential users. The study draws upon data from 512 questionnaires distributed across Belfast City in the UK. The study utilises a binary logistic regression model to quantify the relationships between the perceived quality of 29 bus indicators (independent) and the perceptions of users towards the overall bus service (dependent). Eleven significant indicators are reported to have significant influence on the perception of users. These indicators are utilised to propose scenarios for optimising the quality of bus service with the perceptions of current and potential users.     

公路隧道LED照明基本段亮度标准试验验证研究

在充分调研分析国内外照明设计指标验证研究成果基础上,进行公路隧道LED照明基本段亮度标准验证试验方案设计,并在1：1实体隧道开展小目标可见度验证试验。试验结果分析表明,现行标准和新标准基本照明亮度标准均满足可见度要求,可以指导公路隧道LED照明设计。