Transition to a cyclable city: Latent variables affecting bicycle commuting

An understanding of the key factors influencing bicycle commuting is essential for developing effective policies towards a cyclable city. This paper contributes to this line of research by proposing a methodology for including cycling-related indicators in mobility surveys based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and applying an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to evaluate the structure of latent variables associated with bicycle commuting. The EFA identified six cycling latent variables: Lifestyle, Safety and comfort, Awareness, Direct disadvantages, Subjective norm, and Individual capabilities. These were complemented with a latent variable related to habit: Non-commuting cycling habit. Statistical differences and regression analysis were applied with the cycling latent variables. The study also includes the relationship between objective factors and bicycle commuting, which reveals minor associations. This methodology was applied to the “starter cycling city” of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). The results confirm that in this context – in transition to a cyclable city – safety and comfort issues are not the main barriers for all commuters, although more progress needs to be made to normalise cycling. A set of customised policy initiatives is recommended in the light of the research findings, including marketing campaigns to encourage non-commuting cycling trips, bicycle measures to target social groups as opposed to individuals, bicycle-specific programs such as “Bike-to-work Days”, and cycling courses.     

Development of a Human Use Objectives Framework for Integrated Management of the Eastern Scotian Shelf

Under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is required to lead and facilitate the development of integrated management plans for Canada's oceans. One of the integrated management projects is the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative (ESSIM), through which DFO is working with a range of stakeholders to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf. As part of this Initiative, DFO has undertaken a program to develop a set of objectives and related indicators for ocean management. This includes the development of a framework, objectives, and indicators for human use of the resource including the social, economic, and institutional (governance) components of ocean management, areas that have received little attention internationally. This article provides some background to ESSIM and human uses of the resources of the eastern Scotian Shelf; briefly reviews objectives-based management and human use objectives internationally; outlines the process undertaken to develop the Human Use Objectives Framework; presents the resultant objectives and indicators that were developed; and highlights some of the lessons learned and challenges for their implementation.     

雷达抗干扰性能评估方法研究

雷达抗干扰效果评估是雷达作战效能评估的一个重要环节。文章通过对现有雷达抗干扰技术和战术性能指标的深入分析,以及雷达抗干扰效能评估方法研究,建立了评定雷达抗有源压制性干扰的模型,并给出了雷达抗干扰效果评估的方法和步骤。     

城轨虚拟编组关键性能指标及技术探讨

列车虚拟编组技术能够实现车辆资源的高效灵活利用,是解决轨道交通客流时空分布不均衡问题的有效方法,已成为国内外的研究热点。既有研究借鉴了汽车编队追踪的思路,主要关注于列车稳定追踪的相关方法,未能完全适应轨道交通的实际需求。针对城市轨道交通(简称“城轨”)虚拟编组研究的需要,深入分析城轨列车运行的特征,在此基础上总结提出包括站台停车时间差等在内的城轨列车虚拟编组应符合的技术性能指标;其次,针对虚拟编组的技术特征,提出包括大小交路和Y型线路等适合列车虚拟编组的潜在应用场景,并对实现虚拟编组的关键技术及其原理进行介绍,可为城轨列车虚拟编组研究提供参考。     

LY温拌剂对沥青混合料性能影响研究

LY温拌剂是一种使用多种废旧材料复合而成的温拌添加剂。通过对LY温拌沥青混合料和热拌沥青混合料的性能测试及比较,结果表明：添加该温拌剂对沥青混合料的性能提升效果明显,优于对应热拌沥青混合料。     

铁路规划环境影响识别及评价因子探索

从规划环境影响评价的角度,对铁路规划的环境影响进行了分析;按照铁路规划与建设的流程和层次,对各阶段的主要活动和环境因子进行了判断,利用矩阵法对铁路规划可能引发的环境问题及评价因子进行了筛选,并提出了铁路规划环境影响评价的基本评价指标.     

北京市土地利用与交通发展评价指标研究

指标选择和应用的研究是评价土地利用与交通发展是否协调的基础条件。在充分调研美国波特兰大都市区、芝加哥大都市区、亚特兰大北区城市规划的基础上,结合北京市城市特点、发展方向,提出了城市土地利用与交通发展评价指标集。从土地集约化程度、交通系统效率与服务水平、环境质量3个方面进行评价指标的选取,建立了宏观、中观分区和中观功能区评价指标体系,分别对应于总体规划和控制性详细规划中界定的规划区域范围。     

公交出行分担率指标探讨

各城市在发展公共交通的过程中出现了不切实际制定发展目标、转换公交出行分担率概念以应付指标检查等问题,同时,由于城市总体规模、形态布局、自然地理等差异,城市之间公交出行分担率指标很难直接对比。借鉴伦敦、巴黎、东京、纽约、香港、新加坡等国际大都市经验,阐述不同口径公交出行分担率的内在涵义和用途。结合公交出行分担率在世界闻名“公交都市”中的实践应用,提出更需要关注特定时段、特定地区、特定目的的公交出行分担率指标,以此制定不同类型城市交通拥堵地区公共交通服务水平改善目标与考核指标。     

马鞍山长江公路大桥钢桥面铺装设计指标分析

对马鞍山长江公路大桥钢桥面铺装技术难点进行了分析,并确定了设计要求。参考国内类似结构的多种大跨径悬索桥钢桥面铺装设计指标,从使用条件、工程实践及试验研究等角度出发,对比分析了钢桥面铺装设计指标。结合该桥整体结构变形和荷载响应特性,制定了钢桥面铺装结构层设计指标。该研究成果对改善钢桥面铺装的结构性能和提高钢桥面铺的使用寿命具有重要的意义。     

沥青下面层施工指标检测及可靠度分析

为了考证沥青面层实际施工控制指标是否符合设计要求,以下面层为例,对两条施工后的高速公路沥青路面进行钻芯取样,通过试验得到了下面层材料的实际压实度、油石比、空隙率、矿料级配等控制指标,并对各指标的可靠度进行了分析.研究结果表明,实际施工控制指标与设计要求之间存在较大差异,各指标施工可靠度均偏低,且大多低于0.5;压实度可靠度与油石比、空隙率和矿料级配的可靠度之间无明显正关联,仅采用压实度作为沥青混合料施工过程质量控制和交工验收评定指标,存在局限性.