内河大型自航绞吸挖泥船浅水阻力数值计算

利用CFD方法计算某内河大型自航绞吸挖泥船在浅水状态下的总阻力。在不同水深及不同航速下对船模周围流场进行数值模拟,计算过程考虑自由面的影响。将计算结果与模型试验作比较,计算结果有较高的可靠性。并通过分析这类船型的流场分布进一步理解船舶在浅水航行中的阻力成因。     

Examining quick delivery at an affordable cost by the NSR/SCR-combined shipping in the age of Mega-ships

ABSTRACT

The Mega-ships, the maximum containerships represented by 20,000TEU-class (LOA:400m, Breadth: 60m, Draft: 16m) which are able to transit both the Malacca Strait and the Suez Canal, have emerged in 2013, aiming at lower shipping cost by economy of scale. At the same time, they inevitably increased port calls in a rotation to collect more cargo demand, resulting in the longer transit time than ever before. Taking this trend into account, the authors proposed the quick delivery scenario between East Asia and Northwest Europe by the NSR (Northern Sea Route)/SCR (Suez Canal Route)-combined shipping, of which 4,000 TEU ice-class containership transits the NSR during the summer season and the SCR in the wintertime, based on a year-round scheduled operation. The quick delivery scenario gives the shorter transit time at an affordable shipping cost depending on the NSR navigable season length. However, the quick delivery scenario cannot avoid uncertainties in navigation especially via the NSR in the summer season, due to rough weather, sea ice, low visibility and icing in the icy water section of the NSR. The authors preliminarily concluded that a year-round scheduled operation of the NSR/SCR-combined shipping will be secured, if the practical navigation schedule is appropriately prepared.     

Are there bubbles in the shipping freight market?

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the reconsideration of price bubbles specific to the shipping freight market based on the method of the Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller (GSADF). This approach offers the opportunity to recognize multiple bubbles and set their corresponding original and final dates. Empirical results reveal that four bubbles existed in the shipping freight market between October 1988 and February 2018 in which freight deviated from fundamental values. Strong demand (especially in China), the supply capacity, crude oil prices and U.S. dollar fluctuations are potential explanations for the first three bubbles. The global financial crisis that burst in 2008 is the major factor results in the last bubble. Hence, we must distinguish the potential reasons of bubbles in different periods and take measures such as promoting economic multipolarization, strengthening the bargaining power of China, building an effective information transfer system, employing financial derivatives and accelerating the consolidation of the shipping industry to alleviate the negative influences on global seaborne trade.     

The subjective measurement of seafarers’ fatigue levels and mental symptoms

Human error is the most important factor causing many ship accidents in maritime industry despite advanced technology and international regulations. Fatigue in seafarers is a well-known problem and a serious cause of ship accidents. There are many factors unique to the marine environment raising the potential for fatigue at sea. Due to the difficulties in measuring human fatigue and also in suggesting fatigue to be a root cause of accident, it is important to devise methods to detect and quantify the fatigue and mental symptoms. In this study, ‘Piper Fatigue Scale’ (PFS) has been used for measuring fatigue level and ‘Symptom Checklist 90- Revised’ (SCL-90-R) for detecting the severity of mental symptoms. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. According to the results of PFS analysis, a slight degree of fatigue is detected in all sub-dimensions of the scale. According to the results of SCL-90-R analysis, the distress of mental symptoms perceived by seafarers is not generally highly detected. In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to determine, by using subjective measurements, the fatigue level and mental symptoms among seafarers caused by working conditions on-board.     

Opportunities for increased profit and reduced cost and emissions by service differentiation within container liner shipping

This paper investigates opportunities for increased profit and reduced emissions and cost by service differentiation within container shipping. Traditionally the strategy among the container lines has been profit maximization by utilizing economies of scale through the building of larger and faster vessels. In 2008, the financial crisis in combination with higher fuel prices put an end to this progress and in today’s market operators are basically trying to survive by providing standardized services at the lowest possible cost. This study investigates alternative strategies and the results indicate that container lines should provide two different services instead of one standardized service. A fast service to be more competitive versus air freight for fast-moving goods and a slow service to be more competitive versus traditional shipping types for transport of minor bulk, break bulk, liquid bulk and project cargo.     

省水船闸省水效益分析及在内河航运建设中的应用*

银盘船闸研究表明,高水头枢纽中采用省水船闸方案不仅可以大大节省水资源,还能较大幅度降低船闸工作水 头,简化船闸水力学技术难题。从省水船闸工作原理,详细推导了省水船闸省水池面积、省水池级数与省水效率的关系, 省水池与闸室面积比不宜大于3倍或省水池级数不超过3级。分析了省水船闸在内河航运中的应用前景。     

In Search of the Link between Ship Size and Operations

Abstract

Since 1990s the liner shipping industry has faced a period of restructuring and consolidation, and been confronted with a continuing increase in container vessel scale. The impact of these changes is noticeable in trade patterns, cargo handling methods and shipping routes, in short ‘operations’. After listing factors influencing size, growth in container ship size is explained by economies of scale in deploying larger vessels. In order to quantify economies of scale, this paper uses the liner service cash flow model. A novelty in the model is the inclusion of +6000-20-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) vessels and the distinction in costs between single and twin propeller units on ships. The results illustrate that scale economies have been – and will continue to be – the driving force behind the deployment of larger container vessels. The paper then assesses the link between ship size and operations, given current discussions about the increase in container vessel scale. It is found that (a) ship size and operations are linked; (b) optimal ship size depends on transport segment (deep-sea vs. short-sea shipping, SSS), terminal type (transhipment terminals vs. other terminals), trade lane (East-West vs. North-South trades) and technology; and (c) a ship optimal for one trade can be suboptimal for another.     

��ɫ���������µ���½��ѡַģ�ͼ����

现代绿色物流系统的建设要求物流链上各环节按照绿色理念建设运营.本文将绿色物流的思想引入内陆港选址问题,建立了考虑噪声、事故、拥挤、碳排放等环境因素的广义费用函数,并根据内陆港建设决策方与货主之间的主从递阶决策关系,构建了可兼顾投资者与货主对成本要求的内陆港双层规划选址模型.模型上层目标为在允许的投资范围内确定内陆港地址,使得系统总成本最小;下层目标为货主在各内陆港之间分配运输需求量,使得总支出费用最低.并设计了基于遗传算法的求解方法.实例分析表明,本文建立的绿色理念下的内陆港双层规划选址模型是有效的,同时遗传算法可以产生稳定的最优解.     

建设生态型内河港口之探究

环境保护问题迫在眉睫,对于内河港口亦是如此．与沿海港I：7相比,内河港口的一些特殊性使得其生态建设显得尤为重要．建设生态型内河港口任务艰巨,意义深远．通过阐述建设生态型内河港口的重要性,并坚持全过程控制的理念和从政府、港口管理者的角色发挥作用等方面,提出了建设生态型内河港口的思路与举措．     

排放控制区下集装箱班轮运输船期设计与燃油补给联合优化

为解决排放控制区下集装箱班轮运输船期设计和燃油补给联合优化问题,分析了多时间窗、多起讫时间和多装卸效率等合作协议条款与船舶航行、装卸及到/离港时间之间的关联性。结合燃油补给港燃油价格差异和折扣因素,以船公司航线服务周总成本最小化为目标,构建排放控制区下船期设计和燃油补给混合整数非线性规划模型,设计线性割线近似的求解方法。以中远海运集团有限公司AWE1航线为例,数值实验验证了模型及其求解方法的适用性和有效性。结果显示：船期设计与燃油补给联合优化可使船公司航线服务周总成本降低7.41%;随着船舶到港时间窗长度的增大,船公司航线服务周总成本及船舶在排放控制区内平均航速均随之降低。研 究表明,上述合作协议条款不仅有助于船公司更为灵活地调整船舶航速和船期,还有利于减少船舶在排放控制区内的温室气体排放。