内河船舶系泊布置设计研究

内河船舶因其营运环境条件和系泊布置存在特点,其设计应根据规范要求、匹配限制条件、按照设计方法开展并完成。文章以三峡升船机船型滚装船的系泊布置为例,探讨了内河船舶系泊布置的设计方法和设计要点。     

The use of hydrogen as a fuel for inland waterway units

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

污染源在线监测系统在内河船舶污染监管中的应用

文中通过对我国内河船舶污染物管理要求、接收处置现状及污染源在线监测系统在我国其他行业发展应用状况进行分析,研究探讨了污染源在线监测系统在我国内河船舶污染监管应用的可行性,该系统推广存在的问题并提出相关建议意见。     

主客观综合评价法在内河航道选汊中的应用

内河航道建设中在分汊河段面临汊道选择问题,尤其是大型内河航道建设因投资巨大且对河段航道格局有长期影响,选汊涉及的因素繁多且无法直接比较。以长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道福姜沙河段的选汊问题为例,在对不同选汊方案的港口适应性、通航组织风险、航行干扰、施工期运营期风险、航道服务水平、锚地便利性、投资及航道维护等方面分析的基础上,采用主客观综合评价法(CRITIC),建立多目标决策评价模型。根据模型计算结果对选汊方案优劣排序,并进行稳定性检验,得出福中+福北方案为最优选汊方案。     

Real option analysis for environmental compliance: LNG and emission control areas

A wide array of technical and operational solutions is available to shipowners in order to comply with existing and upcoming environmental regulation within Emission Control Areas (ECAs). Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a promising alternative since it offers potential cost savings in addition to ensuring compliance with ECA regulation. But investment to retrofit existing vessels to be able to use LNG carries significant upfront costs, and a high degree of uncertainty remains on the differential between the prices of LNG and conventional maritime fuels, as well as on the availability of LNG and the reliability of its supply chain. New technologies such as LNG inherently carry substantial risk and an ill-chosen investment strategy may have irreversible consequences that could jeopardise the future of the shipping company. One important question is whether interested owners should invest in LNG now to comply with ECA rules in 2015 and reap the benefits of lower LNG prices, or whether it would be advisable to wait until some of the uncertainty is resolved.While traditional discounted cash flow techniques are unable to account for the value of managerial flexibility linked, for example, to the possibility of deferring an investment, real option analysis can be used to analyse such cases. The paper discusses the optimal time for investment in LNG retrofit and takes specific account of the value of an investment deferral strategy versus the advantages obtainable from the immediate exploitation of fuel price differentials. Through the use of a real option model the paper shows that there is a trade-off between low fuel prices and capital expenses for investment in LNG retrofit. The development in LNG is critically dependent on its future price as well as the reduction in capital costs and ship retrofitting costs. In this respect, policy makers can play a critical role in providing support to advance technical knowledge, maintain LNG prices at favourable levels and in avoiding ambiguity on regulation.     

Case studies of shipping along Arctic routes. Analysis and profitability perspectives for the container sector

Arctic sea routes have for long attracted interest from observers and shipping companies because of their shorter distances between the Atlantic and the Pacific. The prevalence of sea ice prevented the real development of a significant traffic, but did not prevent research from trying to assess the economic viability of these routes. With the actual present melting of sea ice in the Arctic, this effort at modeling the profitability of Arctic shipping routes received a new impetus. However, the conclusions of these studies vary widely, depending on the chosen parameters and their value. What can be said of these models, from 1991 until 2013, and to what extent can a model be drawn, capitalizing on twenty years of simulations?     

集装箱航运市场运力供需与运价分析模型

根据船舶集装箱运输生产的航速和箱位两个要素，定义了以每天每箱位投入燃油数和箱位数为自变量的航运生产函数；推导出集装箱航运市场供方根据需求的变化而调整产量的扩张路径；推导出供方短期单位总成本，并求出边际成本曲线，即供应函数。结果表明，在大范围内，边际成本对需求相对较不敏感，运价相对稳定，但当船队已完全利用，边际成本及船东要求的运价上升很快。     

发挥长江“黄金水道”作用，支持上海国际航运中心

阐述了长江航运发展对上海国际航运中心建设的积极意义，并指出目前该黄金水道的 潜力远远没有发挥.要发挥长江航运本身所具有的优势，关健是要现实长江流城一盘棋，重点 是降低运输成本，突破点在于船舶更新.因此，必须加强长航集团与上海市及沿江城市间的沟 通和协作，建立统一有效的协调机制，交流各港的规划，相互配合，分割不同的市场面.必须打破长江航运经济滑坡的局面，把运输价格和运输服务建立在良性循环上.用优质的服务换取合理的回报.当务之急是结合长江发展集装箱喂给运输的特点，推出经济型、全航段适航、可江海直达和装备现代化通信导航技术的优化标准船型.     

改善航道条件促进沿江经济发展

本文在分析长江航运发展现状的基础上,阐述了影响长江航道,尤其是江苏段航道发展的因素,提出了提高长江下游江苏段航道通航效率的对策。     

航运企业集团市场租入船经营效益考核的探讨

对市场租入船开展经营业绩考核,是航运企业集团实现管理创新的新课题。本文结合航运企业的实际和租入船经营的特点,提出了市场租入船经营效益考核的总体思路,制定了考核指标及考核标准的测算模型,既关注了经营风险的控制,又重点突出了经营效益的考核与激励,在实际应用中产生了明显的管理价值。