城市轨道交通综合枢纽 信息化设计思路剖析

通过对深圳北站交通枢纽建设项目的案例分 析,结合信息化集成系统的特点,对城市轨道交通综合 枢纽信息化设计的思路进行剖析。提出按照城市轨道 交通综合枢纽总体功能规划、综合枢纽运营管理模式 研究、信息化系统功能设计、信息化系统接口设计的系 统构建思路,并采用层次分析法与德尔菲法构建信息 化系统的评价体系,为其他城市进行交通综合枢纽信 息化系统设计提供参考。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

汽车系统单元化集成设计中相似性与复杂性

基于相似性科学和相似系统理论，研究了汽车系统中单元特征相似性分析方法，汽车系统相似性度量方法，相似单元设计和单元化系统集成设计中的相似性与差异性变化引起的复杂性。提出了以系统相似性度序列变化和差异性，集成设计系列化、多样化、个性化汽车产品系统新的理论方法。     

轿车制造主要跨国公司的对华战略暨我国轿车制造业的应对策略研究

分析、研究表明，轿车制造主要跨国公司已大举直接进境投资建厂，规避我国汽车产业政策的相关规定，促使或参与我国内资轿车产业的兼并及重组是跨国公司对华战略的主要行为方式。通过具体案例分析，结合我国轿车制造业的实况及未来市场的发展趋势，提出我国轿车制造业应该以重视创立自主品牌、培育在国际合作化前提下的自主开发能力；以B级车的开发为自主品牌创立的切入点；建立自主品牌产品的制造基地为应对策略。     

基于弹性动力分析的工程机械集成化设计系统

为了解次目前国内工程机械设计中由于动力学分析水平和设计效率较低而造成的产品性能落后这一长期存在的问题，首次引入弹性动力分析理论建立了工程机械工作装置的通用弹性动力分析模型，以此为基础建立了工程机械动力学仿真系统，并建立了工程机械方案设计与部件选型专家系统以实现总体方案设计、部件选型和整机动力匹配的自动化，最后利用信息集成技术建立了基于弹性动力分析的工程机械集成化设计系统。     

汽车精密成型技术现状与发展趋势刍议

简述了汽车精密成型技术的内涵、特点及其在汽车制造中的地位，较深入地分析了目前国内外精密冲压、精密铸造、精密锻造和精密焊接技术等汽车精密成型技术的发展现状，并指出汽车精密成型未来发展的主要趋势。     

超大跨度缆索承重桥梁结构体系

设计和建造跨海连岛大桥是新世纪桥梁工程面临的巨大挑战。超大跨度桥梁并不只是常规概念的外推,需要与之对应的结构体系。从根本上改变缆索承重桥梁的缆索体系,可以突破跨度极限。本文指出了常规结构体系向更大跨度发展的制约因素,从缆索体系的角度介绍了超大跨度斜拉桥、悬索桥以及斜拉 悬索组合桥可能采用的各种体系。这些体系试图在静力、动力方面能远远超出现有限制范围,极大地提高桥梁的跨越能力。同时,新体系的采用也给材料、设计和施工提出了很大的挑战。     

基于家庭属性差异的大学生出行方式选择行为研究

为剖析家庭属性差异对大学生出行方式选择行为的影响，基于非集计理论，构建家庭属性差异的大学生出行选择多元Logit 模型. 根据四川省2 571 份大学生出行行为调查问卷，运用SPSS 软件标定模型参数，获取影响大学生出行选择的主要家庭属性因素，并进行敏感性分析. 结果表明：家庭平均年收入、经济净流对大学生出行方式选择有显著的影响；以航空运输为参考，家庭平均年收入、经济净流对公路运输方式选择的影响大于铁路运输；“祖辈替孙辈购买机票”的折扣票务形式可提高大学生选择航空出行的概率.     

The identification and empirical characterization of vehicular (Lagrangian) fundamental diagrams in multilane traffic flow

Traditional macroscopic traffic flow modeling framework adopts the spatial–temporal coordinate system to analyze traffic flow dynamics. With such modeling and analysis paradigm, complications arise for traffic flow data collected from mobile sensors such as probe vehicles equipped with mobile phones, Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System devices. The vehicle‐based measurement technologies call for new modeling thoughts that address the unique features of moving measurements and explore their full potential. In this paper, we look into the concept of vehicular fundamental diagram (VFD) and discuss its engineering implications. VFD corresponds to a conventional fundamental diagram (FD) in the kinematic wave (KW) theory that adopts space–time coordinates. Similar to the regular FD in the KW theory, VFD encapsulates all traffic flow dynamics. In this paper, to demonstrate the full potential of VFD in interpreting multilane traffic flow dynamics, we generalize the classical Edie's formula and propose a direct approach of reconstructing VFD from traffic measurements in the vehicular coordinates. A smoothing algorithm is proposed to effectively reduce the nonphysical fluctuation of traffic states calculated from multilane vehicle trajectories. As an example, we apply the proposed methodology to explore the next‐generation simulation datasets and identify the existence and forms of shock waves in different coordinate systems. Our findings provide empirical justifications and further insight for the Lagrangian traffic flow theory and models when applied in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.