船舶甲板智能抛丸机器人设计

为解决在船舶外场涂装阶段除锈和拉毛施工效率低、质量不稳定、环境污染严重等问题,设计一款用于船舶甲板的智能抛丸机器人。简介该型机器人系统组成,阐述其抛丸分系统、除尘分系统和越障辅助机构的硬件设计及其软件设计,并设计手动遥控和自主导引操作方式。实船测试结果表明,该型机器人可满足船舶甲板除锈清理的工作要求。     

船舶智能设计浅析

随着《中国制造2025》提出综合实力进入世界制造强国前列的制造强国战略目标,基于新一代信息技术产业的智能制造工程正在各个产业迅速推进。但作为制造强国基础的智能工厂并不仅仅局限于智能制造,还应该包括智能设计、全范围的智能物流和智能管控等。其中智能设计是缩短产品研制周期的关键,通过智能设计产生最优化的数据、高正确率数据是缩减制造周期降低制造成本的关键。文章简要剖析智能设计在船舶行业的应用,基于现状展望智能设计的发展方向,并分析了发展智能设计所需的数据系统建设。     

AUV自主收放装置结构及控制系统设计

AUV技术对于提高海洋资源环境的勘测和开采效率具有重要意义。在AUV收放过程中,传统的回收方式是在母船上起吊回收,人为参与完成挂钩任务,这种方式受风浪的影响较大。为了提高AUV的使用保障能力,需要针对AUV的自主收放技术展开研究。基于AUV良好的实时性、连续性及可移动性的特点,本文设计一套AUV自主收放装置,可用于AUV的自动布放及回收。该装置由固定架、控制台、吊机装置、绞车、定滑轮、钢丝绳、收放架等组成。设计各部分的机械结构,并通过系统校核验证结构设计的合理性。同时,设计AUV收放存储装置控制系统,实现对机械液压执行器的精密控制、传感器的数据采集、系统状态参数显示、试验参数调整、工作状态监控和安全报警等功能,能够对控制系统的控制流程进行辅助判断和安全保障。解决了传统AUV收放技术的难题,提高了AUV收放的智能化水平。     

船舶配电系统交流智能配电关键技术研究

本文首先论述了船舶交流配电系统的发展需求,然后重点研究了船舶配电系统交流智能配电的关键技术,包括限流判断控制策略、短路故障判断策略及冲击性负载引起限流后解除限流的判断策略,最后通过原理样机,验证了船舶配电系统交流智能配电关键技术解决途径的可行性。     

基于改进GA优化的水下机器人航向鲁棒控制

基于某型号水下机器人水平面线性化模型,针对水下机器人系统存在的多种不确定因素,工作环境复杂多变的问题,采用混合灵敏度法设计水下机器人航向鲁棒控制器。在设计中,通过罚函数小生境遗传适应度值作为桥梁建立起遗传寻优与混合灵敏度参数之间的关系,构成多目标优化问题寻优加权函数。实验结果表明,所用方法可在保证系统较强鲁棒性的同时,又能兼顾时域指标和混合灵敏度加权函数频域要求,获得综合性能指标最优的鲁棒控制器,控制效果较好。     

智能船舶发展现状及我国发展策略研究

近年来,智能船舶的发展呈加速趋势,智能船舶已成为未来船舶发展的主要方向.本文对当前国内外智能船舶发展现状进行系统梳理与比较分析,为我国智能船舶的发展提出若干建议.     

石方边坡控制爆破在公路路网工程中的运用

文章通过光面爆破与普通石方爆破的对比,总结石灰岩地区光面爆破各技术参数的选取和施工工艺的控制方法。     

The identification and empirical characterization of vehicular (Lagrangian) fundamental diagrams in multilane traffic flow

Traditional macroscopic traffic flow modeling framework adopts the spatial–temporal coordinate system to analyze traffic flow dynamics. With such modeling and analysis paradigm, complications arise for traffic flow data collected from mobile sensors such as probe vehicles equipped with mobile phones, Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System devices. The vehicle‐based measurement technologies call for new modeling thoughts that address the unique features of moving measurements and explore their full potential. In this paper, we look into the concept of vehicular fundamental diagram (VFD) and discuss its engineering implications. VFD corresponds to a conventional fundamental diagram (FD) in the kinematic wave (KW) theory that adopts space–time coordinates. Similar to the regular FD in the KW theory, VFD encapsulates all traffic flow dynamics. In this paper, to demonstrate the full potential of VFD in interpreting multilane traffic flow dynamics, we generalize the classical Edie's formula and propose a direct approach of reconstructing VFD from traffic measurements in the vehicular coordinates. A smoothing algorithm is proposed to effectively reduce the nonphysical fluctuation of traffic states calculated from multilane vehicle trajectories. As an example, we apply the proposed methodology to explore the next‐generation simulation datasets and identify the existence and forms of shock waves in different coordinate systems. Our findings provide empirical justifications and further insight for the Lagrangian traffic flow theory and models when applied in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Role of Bus‐Based Park and Ride in the UK: A Temporal and Evaluative Review

Abstract

The number of bus‐based Park and Ride (P&R) schemes in the UK has grown substantially over the past 40 years as a result of its encouragement by the Government as a tool to deal with increasing traffic congestion and traffic‐related pollution. The aim of this article is to analyse the degree to which P&R is effective in the contemporary policy context. The authors identify phases of development of P&R since its emergence as a local solution to transport capacity constraints in historic towns. Policy goals are identified against which a review of literature is used to highlight its effectiveness. It is concluded that P&R may increase the distance travelled by its users due to low load factors on dedicated buses, public transport abstraction and trip generation, although it is highlighted that there are areas in which further research is required to clarify its impacts.     

重庆水下立交隧道施工期风险分析

隧道及地下工程建设面临着大而多的风险,尤其是越江隧道的建设更为突出。因此隧道工程项目风险管理也越来越受到工程建设领域的关注。以规划中的重庆两江隧道为依托,采用风险分析方法中常用的专家打分法,对该工程采用钻爆法可能遇到的风险因素实施风险分析与评估,并给出了相应的处置措施。希望能对该工程以及类似工程的实施提供一些参考。