汽车针刺地毯吸声性能改进研究

在某车型开发过程中针对整车车内噪声较大的问题,使用实验的方法对影响NVH性能的主要声学零件进行了分析,其中地毯作为最大面积的零件,重点研究不同材料、密度及工艺过程对其吸声性能的具体影响,实验结果表明针刺毯面中PE淋膜对地毯正面吸声性能影响较大,毯面克重及背部吸声材料覆盖面积的提升都可有效提升地毯正面的吸声性能,在地毯初始方案上进行的改进,包括更改PE撒粉工艺、增加背部PET成型毡覆盖面积,地毯吸声系数提升超过30%,满足了整车NVH性能需求。     

具有预设性能的船舶轨迹跟踪动态面控制

为了提高船舶轨迹跟踪非线性控制系统的暂态性能和稳态性能,本文设计了一种具有预设性能的船舶动态面轨迹跟踪控制器。首先,根据船舶轨迹跟踪控制系统的特点设计了满足实际要求的预设性能约束函数,并把其等价为无约束函数方程。再次,在此基础上利用动态面技术设计了一种有预设性能的船舶轨迹跟踪控制器,动态面技术的引入解决了传统反步法的计算膨胀问题,具有计算量小、易于实际工程的实现等优点。最后,通过 Lyapunov 理论证明了,控制系统中的所有信号都是一致最终有界,且跟踪误差能够收敛到一个预设的区域内,同时保证其稳态误差、最大超调量和收敛速度均满足预先设定的性能要求。通过一艘供给船进行仿真研究,结果表明了所设计的控制器的有效性。     

基于状态空间采样的高速公路智能网联车辆轨迹动态规划

为实现智能网联车辆在高速公路动态行车环境下的轨迹实时规划，提出一种基于状态空间采样的轨迹动态规划方法。首先，以安全性为原则选取主车当前行驶的理想车道。基于Frenet坐标与笛卡尔坐标的转换关系，建立车辆运动横、纵向解耦的独立积分系统。将高速公路常见的行驶状态分为车道保持与定速巡航、变道以及前车跟随3类，预测主车行驶车道并针对3类行驶状态分别设计轨迹终端的目标配置方法。然后，利用多项式函数生成连接初始配置和目标配置的多条待选轨迹。构建考虑轨迹偏离理想车道程度、始末速度变化、规划周期和轨迹舒适性的综合损失函数，结合速度、加速度、曲率检查来评价各条待选轨迹的成本并进行排序。最后，预测车辆的横、纵向运动轨迹并构建一种胶囊形的车辆虚拟安全边界，通过碰撞检测，确定主车的最优轨迹，设置动态规划触发条件及时更新最优轨迹并避免过度规划浪费资源。研究结果表明：提出的算法能满足高速公路场景的动态规划需求；通过对轨迹规划周期、虚拟安全边界、动态规划时间间隔等关键参数的分析与优化，主车的横摆角速度范围稳定在-0.1~0.15 (°)·s^-1，横向加速度范围稳定在-0.16~0.32 m·s^-2，跟踪参考轨迹的最大误差不超过0.022 m，提出的算法能规划出具有高安全性、稳定性和舒适性的轨迹。     

车内噪声品质偏好性主客观评价及相关性分析

以5种轿车典型运行工况下后排乘员耳旁噪声样本为评价对象,利用自适应分组成对比较法对车内噪声品质进行了偏好性主观评价试验。计算了各样本的主要心理声学参数,通过相关分析和线性多元回归分析,建立了以响度和尖锐度描述车内噪声品质偏好性结果的数学模型。通过各组间的关联样本将各组评价结果进行反演构建,得到的总体样本评价结果与传统成对比较法评价结果一致性好,且节省了50%的评价时间。     

基于极大代数的多航空器无冲突4D航迹生成

航空器在同高度汇聚飞行时总会存在飞行冲突,文中根据极大代数法的思想,将航空器到达交叉点离散的过程线性化,并且针对同一终端区航空器离场向同一导航点汇聚的实际航路结构,给出了问题的具体描述,建立了具体的终端区单航路极大代数服务模型,并将其推广到通用情况下.在单航路模型基础上根据极大代数思想设计了终端区航路汇聚模型,解决了同高度航空器汇聚的冲突问题,可以将2条线型航线在交叉点的冲突规避,实现4D航迹的无冲突预测.对模型进行了算例验证,结果表明,极大代数能够较好的解决航空器航迹冲突的问题,实现航空器到关键点的无冲突放行,从而一定程度上提高了空域资源的利用率.     

个人出行轨迹中轨道交通段GPS信号缺失修补算法

基于GPS的个人出行轨迹在城市路网环境中信号丢失较为严重。针对城市轨道交通段的GPS信号缺失问题提出了相应解决办法。研究分析了出行者在换乘节点的一般时空行为以及GPS轨迹的形态特征,给出在特定情况下模型中最优路径的界定,以此制定出交通路段选取规则;在逻辑设计上结合地理信息数据库的语义信息和轨道交通网的拓扑结构,开发了基于广度优先原则的轨道交通段GPS信号的修补算法。此外,研究结合使用Baidu Map API开发了修补效果的在线可视化平台,以上海市内20组GPS个人出行数据进行了实例分析。结果表明,算法的修补效果良好,设计思路合理,且计算和修补时耗线性单增,具有一定的实用价值。     

舰载蒸汽弹射内弹道设计计算

应用导弹发射内弹道原理,建立了舰载蒸汽弹射内弹道设计与计算模型。并以某型飞机为例,对所建立的内弹道设计与计算模型进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明,所建立的模型能较好地满足内弹道设计指标要求,这对舰载蒸汽弹射装置的设计与工程研制具有一定的参考价值。     

Optimal locations of electric public charging stations using real world vehicle travel patterns

We propose an optimization model based on vehicle travel patterns to capture public charging demand and select the locations of public charging stations to maximize the amount of vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) being electrified. The formulated model is applied to Beijing, China as a case study using vehicle trajectory data of 11,880 taxis over a period of three weeks. The mathematical problem is formulated in GAMS modeling environment and Cplex optimizer is used to find the optimal solutions. Formulating mathematical model properly, input data transformation, and Cplex option adjustment are considered for accommodating large-scale data. We show that, compared to the 40 existing public charging stations, the 40 optimal ones selected by the model can increase electrified fleet VMT by 59% and 88% for slow and fast charging, respectively. Charging demand for the taxi fleet concentrates in the inner city. When the total number of charging stations increase, the locations of the optimal stations expand outward from the inner city. While more charging stations increase the electrified fleet VMT, the marginal gain diminishes quickly regardless of charging speed.     

Naturalistic driving data collection to investigate into the effects of road geometrics on track behaviour

Road designers assume that drivers will follow the road alignment with trajectories centred in the lane, and move at the design speed parallel to the road centreline (i.e., the horizontal alignment). Therefore, they assume that if the horizontal alignment indicates the “designed trajectory”, the driving path indicates the “operating trajectory”. However, at present, they do not have the necessary tools to measure the relationship between the designed alignment and possible vehicle trajectories.The paper has two objectives: (a) to develop an understanding of the root causes of differences between road alignment and vehicle trajectories; and (b) to define and calibrate a model that estimates the local curvature of trajectories on the basis of the designed horizontal alignment.The two objectives were pursued by carrying out a naturalistic survey using vehicles equipped with high precision GPS in real-time kinematics (RTK) mode driven by test drivers on road sections of known geometric characteristics. The results provide an insight into the effects of road geometrics on driver behaviour, thus anticipating possible driving errors or unexpected/undesired behaviours, information which can then be used to correct possible inconsistencies when making decisions at the design stage.     

Method for investigating intradriver heterogeneity using vehicle trajectory data: A Dynamic Time Warping approach

After first extending Newell’s car-following model to incorporate time-dependent parameters, this paper describes the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm and its application for calibrating this microscopic simulation model by synthesizing driver trajectory data. Using the unique capabilities of the DTW algorithm, this paper attempts to examine driver heterogeneity in car-following behavior, as well as the driver’s heterogeneous situation-dependent behavior within a trip, based on the calibrated time-varying response times and critical jam spacing. The standard DTW algorithm is enhanced to address a number of estimation challenges in this specific application, and a numerical experiment is presented with vehicle trajectory data extracted from the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) project for demonstration purposes. The DTW algorithm is shown to be a reasonable method for processing large vehicle trajectory datasets, but requires significant data reduction to produce reasonable results when working with high resolution vehicle trajectory data. Additionally, singularities present an interesting match solution set to potentially help identify changing driver behavior; however, they must be avoided to reduce analysis complexity.