转向架构架载荷谱频域校准与建立方法

分析了时域内准静态载荷-应力传递关系, 以载荷间互谱密度的参数作为载荷耦合作用的表征量, 基于多轴频域疲劳基本理论推导了频域内等效应力的表达式; 得到了与多轴加载等效的分立载荷系的表达式; 为保证载荷谱计算损伤可以覆盖线路实测损伤, 以应力信号自功率谱密度的0阶谱矩作为表征损伤的参量, 约束载荷对测点损伤的贡献占比, 根据损伤一致性原则, 采用NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法进行载荷校准; 对国内某型地铁转向架构架进行线路测试, 获得了载荷和应力数据, 并进行了数据分析。研究结果表明: 载荷系中构架横向载荷的线路实测方差最大, 为5.08, 电机横向载荷方差最小, 为0.02;频域内考虑载荷耦合效应的损伤校准精度为1.08×10^-5, 而采用时域分立谱的损伤校准精度为2.91×10^-3, 频域法比时域法的校准精度提高了99.63%;频域内考虑耦合作用的载荷校准系数的综合调整倍数为31.81, 相比时域内采用分立谱校准系数的调整倍数下降了41.71%, 频域法的系数调整最大倍数为6.99, 时域法为15.68, 前者比后者降低了55.42%。可见: 频域内考虑载荷耦合作用的校准方法在误差精度上要优于时域内采用分立谱的校准方法; 频域法的系数调整比例的分散度低于时域法, 校准载荷更接近实测载荷, 校准结果可信度高; 由于校准过程中考虑了载荷间的关联性, 研究得到的载荷系可同时应用于试验台多轴加载以及仿真独立加载, 实现了2种加载方式的统一, 为构架载荷谱的建立方式提出了新思路。     

水下回波模拟器频率补偿技术

水下回波模拟器可根据目标的声学特性对目标进行回波模拟,广泛用于验证试验、声诱饵等方面。但由于换能器制造工艺等限制,其发射换能器的发送电压响应在不同频率上变化较大。若忽视这个因素,则有时无法做到有效模拟宽频带的目标回波特性。本文通过分段快速Fourier正反变换和频率能量补偿技术实现回声转发信号的发射声源级差异补偿,采用首尾重叠消去法确保变换后数据无畸变。通过NI公司的PCI-6120板卡和工控机完成工程实践工作,并通过水池实验和海试进行可行性验证。     

下承式系杆拱桥吊杆索力测试计算模型研究

对基于频率法测试系杆拱桥吊杆索力的计算模型的选用进行了研究,重点分析了吊杆长细比对模型计算精度的影响规律。通过某实际系杆拱桥中吊杆索力的计算分析表明,随着吊杆长细比的不同,不同计算模型的计算精度有显著差异,需要根据吊杆长细比来合理选用计算模型,才能得到合理的计算精度。文章推荐了与吊杆长细比相对应可满足工程精度要求的索力计算模型。     

CFC复频电导法与TEM瞬变电磁法在某隧道中的应用对比

CFC复频电导法与TEM瞬变电磁法是我国目前较为先进的隧道超前探水技术。以CFC与TEM在我国某铁路隧道中的应用为例,简述CFC与TEM的方法原理,并结合开挖实际情况进行对比。试验对比表明,CFC探水技术抗干扰能力更强,探水预报结果更为准确,特别是在电磁环境复杂的隧道。     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.     

电控气缸注油器注油调频控制机理分析

为实现电控气缸注油器的注油调频控制,探究其注油调频的计算方法,提出注油调频的通用计算公式,分析该计算公式在研发电控气缸注油器注油调频机理上的适用方法。     

Surface patterns of zooplankton spatial variability detected by high frequency sampling in the NW Mediterranean. Role of density fronts

High frequency sampling was performed in daylight hours along a 35 km transect in the Ligurian Sea to investigate the upper layer zooplankton distribution during the spring phytoplankton bloom. The results show detailed spatial structure and biomass of key zooplankton functional groups, copepods, salps and krill larvae, within the different water masses characterizing this region. Although observed values of total copepod biomass distribution were rather constant along the transect, species-specific patterns were observed in the copepod spatial distribution. The larger species Calanus helgolandicus, as well as Centropages typicus, Oithona spp., and Oncaea spp., were associated with the frontal zone. However, Acartia spp. had a scattered distribution, and Clausocalanus/Paracalanus did not have a clear pattern. In addition, krill larvae were concentrated in the frontal area and salps had a scattered pattern. The cross-shore zooplankton distribution appeared strongly influenced by both the Northern Ligurian current governing inshore waters, which acts as a major flushing forcing, and the Ligurian front, which governs offshore waters and may act as retention area for zooplankton.     

柴油机曲轴速度变化的频谱分析

使用光电转速传感器,通过计算其感应器内部时钟的脉冲测量曲轴的速度变化,分析低谐波转速变化能过滤出由曲轴的动力响应产生的失真,根据这些谐波携带的信息建立起测量数据和发动机平均气压转矩之间的关系,从而发现故障并且确定不良的气缸.     

基于数字信号处理的直接转矩控制研究

直接转矩控制因控制简单、具有优良的动静态特性，在电机控制中应用越来越广泛。但它在低速区的局限也较多。随着数字信号处（Digital Signal Processing，缩写DSP）技术的发展，使得改善其低速控制特性成为可能。文中简介了直棼转矩控制技术的特点、控制原理及难点，探讨了一种应用DSP技术的直接转矩控制方法。     

地铁转向架构架动应力测试滤波频率的确定

文章结合上海地铁某转向架线路试验动应力测试结果,分析了典型信号的频率特性,对转向架动应力数据采用不同频率滤波,对滤波后的信号数据进行了比较,并结合采样定理提出了适用于地铁转向架荷载测试的滤波和采样频率。