Part 2. Beyond single-outcome models: Decompositions of aggregate and disaggregate road safety risk

The second part of the state-of-the-art focuses on the development of the founders' double streams explaining single-outcome indicators (probability of accidents and fatalities, respectively) by fixed form regression, as outlined in the Part 1. Following Page (1997, pp. 67–122, 2001) and others, we use as turning point of the evolution of both aggregate and discrete approaches the DRAG-1 model of 1984, itself based on aggregate data, which introduced four key innovations in principle applicable to both streams.     

A three-stage least squares approach to the analysis of airline strategies for aircraft size and airline frequency on the north Atlantic: an airline case study

In response to increasing demand, airlines may increase capacity by increasing the frequency of flights or they may choose to increase aircraft size. This may yield operating cost economies. If the airports they operate from are capacity constrained, they will be limited in the extent that they can change frequency which will limit their ability to compete with the number of frequencies offered. This article focuses on this trade-off and pays particular attention to the practices of a specific airline. Conclusions are offered on the impact of inter alia competition, changes in aircraft technology, 9/11 and the impact of slot constraints. It appears that changes in size are more important than frequency, which is consistent with the presence of slot constraints and there is a significant impact of competition. As the concentration of carriers increases, so aircraft size falls. 9/11 also has a significant impact on traffic whereas the introduction of the Boeing 777, as an illustration of a change in technology, does not.     

水下软刚臂单点系泊研究

针对渤海浅水边际油田开采工程,提出一种可调节系泊臂铰接点高度的水下软刚臂(YOKE)单点系泊方案,无水上系泊塔,将军柱在水下,可根据作业水深调节系泊臂与船艏系泊支架的铰接点,能反复利用。水动力分析、数值计算和模型试验结果显示:数值计算和模型试验数据接近,系泊力和纵荡的误差在合理范围内,表明系泊方案计算合理。     

考虑频率波动的改进瞬时电压d-q分解算法

电压有效值的准确检测是分析电压暂降、波动和偏差的基础,是电压质量评估与抑制干扰首先要解决的重要问题.以单相电源为参考电压,采用60°延时方法构造虚拟的三相系统,借助d-q坐标变换可以对电压瞬时有效值进行计算.本文在该方法基本原理的基础上,分析了检测信号的频率波动对计算结果的影响,推导了频率波动误差公式,并在Matlab/Simulink平台下对推导结论进行了仿真验证,同时提出了基于u2d＋u2q项滤波和局部均值计算的改进算法.通过仿真对比改进算法与传统算法,结果表明,改进算法对频率波动信号电压有效值的计算更准确.     

基于OFDM的列车控制网络宽带系统

针对列车通信网络日益增长的带宽需求,提出一种TCN基带信号承载高频载波信号的信道共享解决方案,采用OFDM技术与TCN总线共用同一物理介质,在基带传输低速率、高可靠控制指令的同时,叠加更高频域的多媒体数据信息,实现信道复用.利用Matlab建立了列车控制网络宽带OFDM模型,并用FPGA实现了收发机样机系统,最后通过实验,验证了方案的可行性.     

大型液化气船振动计算分析

船舶振动直接影响船体结构安全性和船员居住的舒适性,如何通过设计方案的改进降低实船振动响应,是一个急需解决的问题。应用有限元法,对某17万m3系列液化气(LNG)船总振动、上层建筑和机舱棚局部振动进行分析,并依据ISO 6954-1984/2000振动标准对该船的强迫振动进行详细评估。评估结果表明,大型LNG船在自主开发设计过程中,在保证设计质量的前提下,可通过改进设计方案来降低实船振动响应的烈度。     

基于通信指挥的频率指配模块设计与实现磁

根据战场通信指挥的实际需求,设计了通信指挥辅助决策系统的频率指配模块。阐述了系统硬件的接收天线、馈线、合路器和接收机等结构,设计了系统辅助决策软件的全景扫描、新频和异态分析、频率指配和数据库四个重要模块,最后介绍了系统软件实现的基本工具和结构。     

三频周跳探测方法的应用研究

基于三频数据能形成长波长、消电离层或弱电离层、低噪声等优良特性的组合,对GNSS现代化后的三频周跳探测与修复提出两种新的方法:相位无几何距离组合结合频间单差法和相位减伪距组合法,并对两种方法做对比分析。     

闭环控制在压路机振动液压系统中的应用

为了验证闭环控制对振动频率稳定性的影响,对单钢轮振动压路机进行试验并采用AMESim软件进行仿真。仿真结果与试验结果证明了模型的正确性。用闭环控制系统对模型进行改进,改进前后的试验结果表明,闭环控制能够在一定程度上提高压路机振动频率的稳定性。     

基于频响分析的客车骨架动态特性研究

采用MSC／NASTRAN对某型客车进行频率响应分析,提出结构改进的具体措施,成功解决在高速巡航时的车身共振问题,并对进一步研究提供一些思路。