转化生长因子β_1在妊娠滋养细胞疾病中的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨转化生长因子β1 (Transforminggrowthfactorβ1 ,TGFβ1 )在妊娠滋养细胞疾病 (Gestationaltrophoblastdisease ,GTD)中的表达及其在该疾病发生、发展中的作用。方法　采用免疫组化SP法对 1 0例早孕 (6～ 1 2周 )人工流产绒毛、40例葡萄胎、1 0例侵蚀性葡萄胎及 6例绒毛膜癌组织进行了TGF β1 测定。结果　TGF β1 在四种不同组织中的阳性表达率分别为1 0 0 %、95%、80 %、66 7% ,葡萄胎组织中 ,TGF β1 染色强度与组织分级均无相关性 (P >0 0 5) ;TGF β1 染色在良性葡萄胎与以后恶变的葡萄胎之间表达无差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　TGF β1 与GTD的发展呈负相关 ,作为细胞生长的负性调节因子 ,有可能抑制GTD细胞生长和侵蚀 ,并在抑制GTD细胞恶性转化过程中发挥作用 ;TGF β1 不能作为判断葡萄胎预后的指标     

船舶压载水防治措施探讨

船舶压载水是外来海洋生物入侵的重要途径,严重危害水域生态平衡,破坏生物多样性,危害环境,造成严重的经济损失。本文针对压载水污染问题,从压载水的管理、处理技术、无压载舱船舶设计等方面,探讨压载水的预防途径和防治方法。     

宁波大榭第二大桥工程水上勘察施工组织

宁波大榭第二大桥位于宁波北仑及大榭岛,横跨黄峙江,大桥主墩皆位于黄峙江中,勘察施工需在水上进行。由于黄峙江水文地质条件及桥址处环境条件复杂,对勘察施工提出了较高要求。该文介绍了针对大榭二桥的工程特点,通过精心组织,尤其是水上安全施工组织措施,使勘察施工顺利完成,为类似工程积累了经验。     

海船压载水处理设备研发的重要性分析

通过对海洋污染及我国航运及造船业发展状况的分析,结合将要实施的相关公约,说明研发海船压载水处理设备的必要性,并介绍研发海船压载水处理设备的关键技术。对了解海船压载水处理设备原理有一定的借鉴作用。     

Topological constraints on the dynamics of wasp-waist ecosystems

Small pelagic fish species like anchovy or sardines are of high ecological and economical importance. As marine food webs are fished down, these small pelagics tend to be more exploited and overfished. It is not yet very well known what the possible effects of their collapse can be, therefore there is an urgent need to outline a theoretical framework for understanding their dynamics. These fish occupy very special position in food webs, ensuring energy transfer between species lower and higher levels, while forming narrow “wasp-waists” poor in number of species (but very abundant). Our purpose was to quantify the interaction structure of model food webs of equal complexity but different levels of “wasp-waistedness”. We analysed the topological properties of the webs by characterising every direct and indirect interactions between individual species, as well as by assessing the relative positional importance of each species in each web. We found that (1) the shorter the interaction pathways considered, the weaker the predictive power of node degree for positional importance, (2) the importance of species varies more in wasp-waist food webs, (3) if longer indirect chain effects are considered, indirect effects can well be stronger than direct ones, (4) interactions between coexisting wasp-waist species are stronger than the average, and (5) the “self-regulatory” looping effects are also stronger for wasp-waist species. Based on the topological properties of the networks, our results describe constraints acting on the dynamical behaviour of wasp-waist ecosystems. We give explanations, from this viewpoint, for regime shifts in which one WW species replaces another, and for the unpredictable dynamics of these fish stocks. From a marine conservation viewpoint, we illustrate that as the abundance of wasp-waist species decreases, the architecture of energy flows becomes highly vulnerable and unreliable. We provide an approach for quantifying these structural changes.     

International trade in marine species: Is CITES a useful control mechanism?

Abstract

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was created to prevent species becoming threatened through international trade. It generally prohibits international commercial trade in seriously threatened species but permits trade in a regulated manner in species vulnerable to exploitation but not yet at risk of extinction. CITES covers comparatively few marine taxa, reflecting the fact that most marine species have much greater ranges and fecundity than terrestrial species and so are more resilient to exploitation. Exceptions are to be found in the higher vertebrates. Several marine mammals may have benefited from CITES controls, although their popular appeal, commercial importance, and extreme vulnerability have meant that other treaties and conservation activities have been adopted to control their exploitation. Marine turtles Cheloniidae and the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) certainly have benefited from CITES controls. Many commercially important fishes and invertebrates are covered by international and regional fishery agreements; a few, with life histories making them particularly vulnerable to exploitation, are subject to CITES controls. The structure of CITES limits its utility as a conservation tool for marine species, but where other mechanisms fail or are absent, it plays a useful role, and it is particularly valuable as an international trade monitoring mechanism.     

黄芪总皂苷对瘦素诱导的HSC增殖和TIMP-1上调的影响

目的观察黄芪总皂苷对瘦素诱导的肝星状细胞(HSC)增殖及组织抑制基质金属蛋白酶-1(TIMP-1)分泌的影响。方法培养HSC,分为溶媒组、溶媒瘦素组和黄芪总皂苷组。磺酰罗丹明B法检测HSC增殖,利用2,7-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酯作为探针检测HSC中的活性氧水平,酶联免疫吸附实验测定HSC培养液中TIMP-1含量。结果黄芪总皂苷50、100、200μg/mL与溶媒瘦素组相比,明显抑制瘦素诱导的HSC增殖(P<0.01),抑制率分别达29.1%、66.7%和86.1%,同时能够抑制瘦素诱导HSC的活性氧产生(P<0.05)以及TIMP-1的分泌(P<0.05)。结论黄芪总皂苷可能通过下调瘦素诱导的氧化应激水平,从而抑制HSC增殖以及TIMP-1的分泌。     

基于生态种群理论的虚拟企业创新平台研究

为支持区域内企业的创新活动,方便企业之间的合作创新,构建虚拟企业创新平台是重要途径.在概括VEIP内涵与特征的基础上,针对VEIP与生态种群之间的相似性,分析了VEIP的种群特征,借鉴生态学中的Logistic增长模型,构建了单一创新群体的VEIP的成长模型.而对于有多个创新主体构成的VEIP,分析了不同创新主体之间的竞争和合作关系.研究发现,为实现VEIP的良性运转,VEIP要保持与外界的物质交流和信息交流,形成开放的生态系统;创新主体需要保持一定的差异性,形成功能完善的分工协作网络,使创新主体之间竞争与合作共存.     

羟基自由基压载水处理系统实船应用

构建了250 m3/h羟基自由基压载水处理系统并进行了实船实验。整个实验按照国际海事组织(IMO)的要求进行。对水中藻类,细菌和水质参数进行了检测。实验结果显示,经此系统处理后压载水中藻类浓度和细菌浓度达到了IMO规定的压载水排放标准。处理后的压载水水质变好,不会造成二次污染。本系统可实现在压载水的输送过程中杀灭外来水生生物和病原体,并可以改善水质。     

Seasonal changes in the positional importance of components in the trophic flow network of the Chesapeake Bay

Community-level processes may shape food web structure. In this paper, a graph theoretical study of the weighted trophic flow network of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem shows how important are positions in the energy (carbon) transport system. The positional importance of components is compared to the quantity of energy flowing through them. We suggest that the congruence between important network positions and large flows refers to the larger role of trophic interactions in community control. A seasonal dynamical analysis of the network has led us to the conclusion that winter is the season when the importance of predation is the highest.