A distributed VNS algorithm for optimizing dial-a-ride problems in large-scale scenarios

These days, transportation and logistic problems in large cities are demanding smarter transportation services that provide flexibility and adaptability. A possible solution to this arising problem is to compute the best routes for each new scenario. In this problem, known in the literature as the dial-a-ride problem, a number of passengers are transported between pickup and delivery locations trying to minimize the routing costs while respecting a set of prespecified constraints. This problem has been solved in the literature with several approaches from small to medium sized problems. However, few efforts have dealt with large scale problems very common in massive scenarios (big cities or highly-populated regions). In this study, a new distributed algorithm based on the partition of the requests space and the combination of the routes is presented and tested on a set of 24 different scenarios of a large-scale problem (up to 16,000 requests or 32,000 locations) in the city of San Francisco. The results show that, not only the distributed algorithm is able to solve large problem instances that the corresponding sequential algorithm is unable to solve in a reasonable time, but also to have an average improvement of 9% in the smaller problems. The results have been validated by means of statistical procedures proving that the distributed algorithm can be an effective way to solve high dimensional dial-a-ride problems.     

The flying sidekick traveling salesman problem: Optimization of drone-assisted parcel delivery

Once limited to the military domain, unmanned aerial vehicles are now poised to gain widespread adoption in the commercial sector. One such application is to deploy these aircraft, also known as drones, for last-mile delivery in logistics operations. While significant research efforts are underway to improve the technology required to enable delivery by drone, less attention has been focused on the operational challenges associated with leveraging this technology. This paper provides two mathematical programming models aimed at optimal routing and scheduling of unmanned aircraft, and delivery trucks, in this new paradigm of parcel delivery. In particular, a unique variant of the classical vehicle routing problem is introduced, motivated by a scenario in which an unmanned aerial vehicle works in collaboration with a traditional delivery truck to distribute parcels. We present mixed integer linear programming formulations for two delivery-by-drone problems, along with two simple, yet effective, heuristic solution approaches to solve problems of practical size. Solutions to these problems will facilitate the adoption of unmanned aircraft for last-mile delivery. Such a delivery system is expected to provide faster receipt of customer orders at less cost to the distributor and with reduced environmental impacts. A numerical analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the heuristics and investigates the tradeoffs between using drones with faster flight speeds versus longer endurance.     

基于工效学的机车显示、控制器界面计算机辅助优化设计

应用优化匹配(CSP)技术,根据操作任务、功能和工效学要求,在机车操纵显示和控制单元之间建立约束条件,构造目标函数,进行优化计算。论文对CSP模型进行了改进,提出了一种适用于多面板显示、控制器界面的计算机辅助设计方法,并有效地对机车多面板显示、控制器界面进行了优化设计,在我国铁路机车司机室规范化设计工作中得到了较好的应用。     

国有企业人力资源开发与管理存在的问题及对策

国有企业在适应社会主义市场经济需要，机遇和挑战并存。但由于人力资源开发与管理的有些方面跟不上形势的发展和现实的需要，在很大程度上影响、制约着国有企业的改革发展。为了从根本上解决好国有企业人力资源开发与管理中存在的问题，这就需要我们在实践中不断摸索、实践，探索一条适合国有企业改革发展需要的人力资源管理模式。     

桥梁工程预算编制中应注意的几个问题

通过作者本人在几年的造价工作中积累的造价经验，详述了编制桥梁工程预算中如何摘取工程量进而正确套用定额、准确把握造价的方法，供广大预算人员作桥梁造价时参考并共同探讨。     

改善机制,推进工程总承包的发展

通过回顾我国工程建设项目管理方式的演变和发展，介绍了工程总承包的概念、模式以及优势，并就开展工程总承包所面临的问题及应采取的对策进行了初步探讨。     

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内陆集装箱空箱站场是集装箱运输公司的内陆空箱调运网络的节点，其布局合理与否对集装箱运输公司降低成本、提高服务质量有重大影响．本文通过对传统的站场选址方法进行研究，根据内陆空箱站场选址的具体特征，建立了内陆集装箱空箱站场选址的混合整数规划模型，并对传统的求解该问题的禁忌搜索算法进行了改进．通过试验表明该改进算法具有较好的全局寻优能力，为集装箱空箱站场选址优化提供了一种新的思路和方法．     

遗传算法在车辆路径问题中的优化

关于遗传算法的车辆路径优化问题，已经提出过多种思想方法，虽然有些也有实验结果，但仍大有改进余地。针对具体的车辆路径优化问题，对传统遗传算法作了多处关键性改进。针对多客户点基本均布于物流中心的特点，作初始群优化，降低交叉率，提高变异率，简化繁琐的染色体修正计算，极大地提高了寻优速度，减少了遗传操作的数量，为多计算点的遗传操作提供有力的支持。     

南宁市防洪体系与抗洪对策

本文介绍了南宁市的气象、水文特征及其防洪体系 ,并对抗洪工作提出了若干意见。     

关于铁路工程造价标准体系的探讨

从铁路工程造价标准的现状出发,针对现行造价标准存在的缺少系统性,某些定额子目“量”不够实、“价”不够准,定额编制周期过长,新技术的造价分析相对滞后等问题,提出下一轮造价标准的制订与完善必须遵循科学合理、实事求是的基本原则,力求做到办法规则科学可行、专业定额实事求是、费用标准合法合理、造价信息反映市场。