考虑波浪影响船舶进出港航道宽度分析

建立波浪对船舶航迹带宽度影响的模型,并结合模拟仿真试验得出船舶在风、流和船速等影响下的航迹带宽度,计算在风、流、波浪和船速等因素影响下的航迹带宽度。根据相应的规范公式计算对应的航迹带宽度和单、双向航道宽度,并进行比较分析。     

船舶在规则纵浪中的混沌运动

Parametric resonance can lead to dangerously large rolling motions, endangering the ship, cargo and crew. The QR-factorization method for calculating (LCEs) Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents was introduced; parametric resonance stability of ships in longitudinal waves was then analyzed using LCEs. Then the safe and unsafe regions of target ships were then identified. The results showed that this method can be used to analyze ship stability and to accurately identify safe and unsafe operating conditions for a ship in longitudinal waves.     

福建沿海台风浪数值模拟及特性分析

以Holland模型风场和CCMP背景风场相叠加构造台风风场,驱动第三代海浪模式SWAN对登陆福建的0908号台风"莫拉克"和1013号台风"鲇鱼"发生的台风浪过程进行数值模拟,并运用Jason-1卫星数据对模拟结果进行验证,结果显示模拟风速、有效波高值和卫星资料值吻合较好。在此基础上分析福建海域的台风浪时空分布特征和近岸三处海湾的波高变化过程,结果显示:台风过程中,最大风速和浪高值均位于台风移动中心右侧,风浪夹角与到台风中心的距离成正比且右侧夹角较小,左侧较大,台风中心对应着浪高的低值区,波高分布在海峡内外表现出较大的不对称性。"莫拉克"过程中,福建东北部海域出现10.8 m大浪,厦门湾、兴化湾、三沙湾内波高主要由风浪引起;"鲇鱼"过程中,福建南部海域出现9.2 m大浪,兴化湾、三沙湾内波高主要由风浪引起,厦门湾受到一定的南部海域涌浪的影响。     

直立圆柱体内孤立波载荷特性数值模拟

以三类内孤立波理论(KdV、eKdV和MCC)的适用性条件为依据,将内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度作为入口条件,采用Navier-Stokes方程为流场控制方程,建立了两层流体中内孤立波对直立圆柱体强非线性作用的数值模拟方法.结果表明,数值模拟所得内孤立波波形及其振幅与相应理论和实验结果一致,并且直立圆柱体内孤立波水平力、垂向力及其力矩数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合.直立圆柱体内孤立波载荷由波浪压差力、粘性压差力和摩擦力构成,其中摩擦力很小,可以忽略;对于水平力,其波浪压差力与粘性压差力量级相当,流体粘性的影响显著;对于垂向力,粘性压差力很小,流体粘性影响可以忽略.此外,直立圆柱体对内孤立波的波形及其诱导流场的影响很小,因此采用Morison公式和傅汝德—克雷洛夫力分别计算其内孤立波水平力和垂向力是可行的.     

斜坡堤越浪量试验研究

研究斜坡堤的越浪量对于防波堤的设计有重要意义。通过波浪断面物理模型试验的方法,研究了波高、波陡和堤顶超高的变化对斜坡堤越浪量的影响规律,比较了4种不同护面形式的消浪效果。试验结果显示:斜坡堤越浪量随着有效波高的减小和波陡的增大而减少;斜坡堤越浪量随着堤顶超高的增大,成指数形式递减;护面形式对斜坡堤越浪量有一定影响,扭王字块和栅栏板的消浪效果差别不大,且均优于四角空心方块。将物模试验值与现有斜坡堤越浪量公式计算值进行对比,推荐了陈国平公式作为计算斜坡堤越浪量的公式。     

舰船液压起重机波浪补偿消摆控制技术研究

舰船上的液压起重机工作在动态颠簸过程中,很容易受到波浪的影响造成摇摆。为此提出一种小区域分区进化算法来解决舰船液压起重机波浪补偿消摆控制问题。在控制算法中引入排挤因子,利用控制数据中的相互约束作用形成小的控制单元,以此来提高收敛的速度,维持控制过程的快速性,保证控制精度。实验表明,这种方法能够有效解决舰船液压起重机波浪补偿消摆控制问题,保证了船舶机械自动控制的准确性。     

实船耐波性试验数据快速分析方法研究

针对实船耐波性试验数据不规则性强、数据量大的特点,研究了包括有效数据采样、数据中心化、快速傅里叶变换（FFT）、幅值统计分析等环节在内的耐波性试验数据快速分析方法,成功开发耐波性试验数据分析系统,直接由原始试验结果分析得到舰船在海浪中的运动响应幅度统计值,并将原始记录及分析结果的曲线和数据导出,生成Excel等形式的文件,大大简化了试验数据处理过程,提高了效率。     

双层开孔消浪板结构消能性能分析

双层开孔消浪板是一种新型消能结构,其结构通过上层开孔板和下层实心板两部分来解决结构的消能问题．文中通过模型试验的方法来验证结构的消能性能,同时,对双层开孔消浪板结构在规则波作用下的消能系数随3个主要影响因子（相对板宽B／L,相对开孔A／A0,波陡H／L）变化的结果进行分析．通过分析和比较消能系数与影响因子之间的相互关系,证明双层开孔消浪板结构具有较好的消能效果．     

Asymmetry of Columbia River tidal plume fronts

Columbia River tidal plume dynamics can be explained in terms of two asymmetries related to plume-front depth and internal wave generation. These asymmetries may be an important factor contributing to the observed greater primary productivity and phytoplankton standing crop on the Washington shelf. The tidal plume (the most recent ebb outflow from the estuary) is initially supercritical with respect to the frontal internal Froude number F_R on strong ebbs. It is separated from the rotating plume bulge by a front, whose properties are very different under upwelling vs. downwelling conditions. Under summer upwelling conditions, tidal plume fronts are sharp and narrow (< 20–50 m wide) on their upwind or northern side and mark a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow for up to 12 h after high water. Such sharp fronts are a source of turbulent mixing, despite the strong stratification. Because the tidal plume may overlie newly upwelled waters, these fronts can mix nutrients into the plume. Symmetry would suggest that there should be a sharp front south of the estuary mouth under summer downwelling conditions. Instead, the downwelling tidal plume front is usually diffuse on its upstream side. Mixing is weaker, and the water masses immediately below are low in nutrients. There is also an upwelling–downwelling asymmetry in internal wave generation. During upwelling and weak wind conditions, plume fronts often generate trains of non-linear internal waves as they transition from a supercritical to a subcritical state. Under downwelling conditions, internal wave release is less common and the waves are less energetic. Furthermore, regardless of wind conditions, solition formation almost always begins on the south side of the plume so that the front “unzips” from south to north. This distinction is important, because these internal waves contribute to vertical mixing in the plume bulge and transport low-salinity water across the tidal plume into the plume bulge.F_R and plume depth are key parameters in distinguishing the upwelling and downwelling situations, and these two asymmetries can be explained in terms of potential vorticity conservation. The divergence of the tidal outflow after it leaves the estuary embeds relative vorticity in the emerging tidal plume water mass. This vorticity controls the transition of the tidal plume front to a subcritical state and consequently the timing and location of internal wave generation by plume fronts.     

Wave energy assessments in the Black Sea

The present work aims to evaluate the wave energy resources in the Black Sea basin. The study is focused on the western part of the sea, which is traditionally considered as being more energetic. In order to give a first perspective of the wave climate, a medium-term wave analysis was carried out using in situ measured data. As a further step, a wave prediction system was implemented for the Black Sea. This was based on the simulating waves near-shore model, which is used for both wave generation and near-shore transformation. This methodology has the advantage that a single model covers the full scale of the modelling process. Various tests were performed considering data measured at three different locations. Special attention was paid to the whitecapping process, which is still widely considered to be the weak link in deep water wave modelling. Comparisons carried out against measured data show that the wave prediction system generally provides reliable results, especially in terms of significant wave heights and mean periods. By increasing the resolution in geographical space, the field distributions of wave energy were analysed for both high and average wave conditions. The analysis and the wave prediction system developed are a prerequisite for further investigations extended in time and with increased resolution in the near-shore direction.