舰船风浪航行失速的估算方法

将舰船常用的在风浪中失速的估算方法概括为7种,比较了各种方法的普适性、精确性和局限性,以便使用者选用.     

Railway wheel-flat detection and measurement by ultrasound

This work presents an innovative ultrasound technique designed to detect and quantify flats formed in the rolling surface of railway wheels. Differently from other approaches, ultrasonic pulses (Rayleigh waves) are sent over a measuring rail. The variations in the round-trip time of flight (RTOF) of the ultrasound pulse to the rail-wheel contact point allow detecting and quantifying the wheel-flats. In spite of the wear state of the irregularity, the method provides the loss of material and the length of the flat originally formed by abrasion. A theoretical background supports the technique which offers many advantages for railway maintenance. Simulations and experimental results match the expected ones.     

井筒与输油管线的物理防蜡技术综述

文中通过对大量相关文献的分析总结,对目前各大油田常用的物理防蜡技术的发展历史、工作原理、适用环境以及使用条件进行了归纳、介绍,并对这些防蜡技术在实验室中的实验结果和近年来油田使用后的效果进行了分析总结.这些防蜡技术的分类介绍为各大油田在实践中面临不同采油条件和原油组分时筛选防蜡方法提供了理论性的依据,也为防蜡技术的进一...     

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随着中国民航事业的快速发展,航班不正常变得越来越严重.虽然航空运输系统涉及空管、航空公司与机场三方面,但是目前解决不正常航班却单纯依靠空管.而这种方式无法达到减少不正常航班的目的.本文研究在协同决策机制下,航空公司自由指派航班时隙的方法问题.文中建立航班时隙指派模型,针对模型的特点设计了一种参数启发式算法。最后通过实例证明了采用本文的方法可以减少航班总延误时间并且提高航班正点率.通过该实例说明航空公司参与时隙分配决策的重要性.     

基于脉冲响应函数法计算小尺度圆柱上的不规则波浪力

通过对波动传递函数的逆傅里叶变换建立脉冲响应函数的解析表达式,在仅已知不规则波波面过程线的情况下,利用脉冲响应函数与已知波面序列的卷积求得不规则波的速度场,并计算不规则波浪序列引起的水质点速度、加速度。通过与线性波浪叠加法的对比验证了方法的正确性,并应用Morison方程计算小尺度圆柱上的不规则波浪力。对不规则波浪力进行频谱分析得到:在非线性较弱时,脉冲响应法求得的波浪力谱与线性谱分析法的波浪力谱较为接近。随着波浪非线性的增强,脉冲响应法求得的速度力谱与线性谱分析法相比峰值不断增大,在低频和高频处能量增多,在主要能量区的谱宽也不断增加,而惯性力谱与线性谱分析方法结果基本相同。     

三角网数模管理策略

分析认为不规则三角网数模及地面高程内插系统的关键是数模的管理策略 ,并据此提出了三重正方形网格索引的数据结构 ,保证了建模速度与数模规模的线性复杂度 ,内插速度与数模规模无关 ,适合于管理大型数模     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

船载货物单元在非规则波中系固有效性校核的一种评价方法

货物单元在运输中,合理系固是确保船舶安全的重要因素,而系固方案制定后,如何针对实际海况对其系固效果进行正确评价则是货物系固的关键.在非规则波的基础上,充分考虑到各自由度运动之间的耦合影响,提出一种更为贴近海上实际的系固有效性校核的评价方法,同时将风力、波溅力、摩擦力等因素考虑到此方法当中,由此得出的结论会更客观.也为完善系固方案提供了依据,并可作为《货物积载和系固安全操作规则(CSS Code)》的补充.     

高速列车通过隧道时诱发车厢内压力波动的数值分析

在假定列车车体为均匀多孔车体的基础上,根据一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动理论与广义黎曼特征线法,研制了高速列车通过隧道过程中诱发车厢内外空气瞬变压力耦合的计算方法和计算程序。其中,基于热力学第一定律的“充排法”建立了车厢内压力波动的计算方法,并成功地将该方法推广应用于隧道内会车条件下车厢内压力的计算分析中。通过与国外试验数据的验证表明了本文计算方法与程序的正确性,为准确合理地计算高速列车通过隧道时诱发车厢内瞬变压力提供了可靠的分析工具。     

浅谈滚装客船风浪中大角度避碰

滚装客船易受风浪影响,大角度避让会产生更大的横倾,导致汽车倾翻、失火、沉船等事故。根据《国际海上避碰规则》的要求,结合本类船舶的特点,值班驾驶员应及早地小舵角避让,确保安全航行。