横向规则波作用下的船舶倾覆

运用安全池理论研究了某近海干货船在横向规则波作用下的船舶倾覆问题.用阿当姆斯预估-校正法数值求解时域内单自由度非线性横摇方程.采用三维格林积分方程法计算水动力系数的频域特性.分析了非线性横摇方程中势流阻尼、非线性阻尼以及在横向规则波作用下波高和频率对安全池的影响.     

数值波浪水池及顶浪中船舶水动力计算

基于粘流理论建立了三维数值波浪水池,模拟了非线性波浪,并对规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力进行了计算.数值模拟中,控制方程-RANS方程和连续性方程使用有限体积法离散,非线性自由面采用VOF方法处理;在入口边界模拟柔性造波板运动产生入射波,使用位于波浪水池尾部的人工阻尼区消波.给出了非线性规则波的模拟结果以及规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力计算结果,并与理论解及DUT(Delfi University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,二者吻合良好.     

中国内海台风浪传播和演化过程数值模拟

基于波作用量守恒方程建立我国内海台风浪生成与传播的模型。用谱峰周期来界定涌浪,通过对全区域的典型台风浪过程的模拟计算,分析了内海台风浪时、空分布特征和演化过程。研究表明:台风登陆后,从能量扩散速度判断,应经历能量由高频向低频转化的过程(易形成长周期波浪),均可传播到渤海海域。生成长周期波浪后,波能衰减速度显著减慢,长周期波浪可在我国北方海域生存2 d以上。涌浪在台风登陆之后的传播速度很快,为50～60 km/h,涌浪传播速度在我国内海可以达到台风中心运动速度的2倍左右。     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

船载货物单元在非规则波中系固有效性校核的一种评价方法

货物单元在运输中,合理系固是确保船舶安全的重要因素,而系固方案制定后,如何针对实际海况对其系固效果进行正确评价则是货物系固的关键.在非规则波的基础上,充分考虑到各自由度运动之间的耦合影响,提出一种更为贴近海上实际的系固有效性校核的评价方法,同时将风力、波溅力、摩擦力等因素考虑到此方法当中,由此得出的结论会更客观.也为完善系固方案提供了依据,并可作为《货物积载和系固安全操作规则(CSS Code)》的补充.     

高速列车通过隧道时诱发车厢内压力波动的数值分析

在假定列车车体为均匀多孔车体的基础上,根据一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动理论与广义黎曼特征线法,研制了高速列车通过隧道过程中诱发车厢内外空气瞬变压力耦合的计算方法和计算程序。其中,基于热力学第一定律的“充排法”建立了车厢内压力波动的计算方法,并成功地将该方法推广应用于隧道内会车条件下车厢内压力的计算分析中。通过与国外试验数据的验证表明了本文计算方法与程序的正确性,为准确合理地计算高速列车通过隧道时诱发车厢内瞬变压力提供了可靠的分析工具。     

浅谈滚装客船风浪中大角度避碰

滚装客船易受风浪影响,大角度避让会产生更大的横倾,导致汽车倾翻、失火、沉船等事故。根据《国际海上避碰规则》的要求,结合本类船舶的特点,值班驾驶员应及早地小舵角避让,确保安全航行。     

复杂形状海洋浮体水动力系数计算

网格划分是水动力计算的关键环节,文中针对复杂形状海洋浮体提出了一种湿表面网格划分方法.对于有复杂首尾结构的浮体,用型线重构的方式在首尾生成曲面构成所需要的截面线,将通用建模工具和NURBS曲线拟合相结合,生成相贯结构的相交线;然后,用分片法生成浮体湿表面及内自由面网格,并独立表达各自的速度势以处理不规则频率现象,进而进行水动力系数计算.计算结果表明,上述处理方式很适合复杂形状海洋浮体水动力系数的计算.     

两跨24 m连续多室异型箱梁桥梁格法分析

该文通过对异型箱梁桥有限元模型的建立、输出数据的整理及分析,说明异型箱梁桥的空间分析方法,为类似桥梁的结构分析及设计提供了参考。     

波浪作用下带月池结构船体运动数值预报

  目的  带月池的海上平台作业效率及作业安全性要求不断提高,波浪作用下平台自身运动及月池内流体运动带来的共振问题愈发凸显。  方法  为此,基于势流理论的常数边界元法,开发波流与三维物体相互作用的数值模拟计算程序。选取某带月池钻井船,对其运动展开频域数值计算,对无航速时数值模型计算程序的计算结果与水动力软件AQWA计算结果进行对比,验证无航速时所开发计算程序的可靠性。将波流工况计算结果与实验结果对比,验证该数值方法的准确性。  结果  通过比较多种月池长宽比、月池吃水、波浪入射角度以及有、无航速情况下的船舶运动,发现带月池钻井船在升沉和摇摆运动上都会发生共振现象,引入迎流流速会调制和加剧月池的共振。  结论  研究结果可为带月池船舶的运动响应预报及共振抑制提供参考依据。