稳定流作用下海底悬跨管线涡激振动研究

讨论了目前用于海底悬跨管线涡激振动预报的主要数值模型,针对海底管线悬跨段涡激振动问题编制了有限元分析程序,程序采用梁单元模拟管跨结构,动力响应计算方法采用VIVANA模型,模型控制方程采用Newton-Raphson迭代算法求解。采用Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)和Larsen,Baarholm等人(2004)给出的两组不同的用于确定升力曲线的参数曲线进行计算,将计算结果与Tsahalis(1984,1987)的模型实验结果进行了比较。结果表明本文的涡激振动模型能够预报间隙比e/D=∞时海底悬跨管线的涡激振动响应;采用Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)参数曲线得到的计算结果与间隙比e/D=∞时的实验结果符合较好,Larsen,Koushan等人(2002)参数曲线较Larsen,Baarholm等人(2004)参数曲线更适合于海底悬跨管线的涡激振动预报。     

随行波仿生减阻材料几何形状的模拟数值计算

为配合研制船用喷涂聚脲仿生减阻材料,用CFD模拟数值计算所设计的材料表面的涡街随行波几何形状,确定出能稳定留驻旋涡的仿海豚皮肤表面微型凹凸起伏的具体尺寸.     

On the mechanism of the bursting phenomena of propeller tip vortex cavitation

 The bursting phenomenon of tip vortex cavitation of a propeller sometimes causes severe high-frequency vibration, but its mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we carried out model experiments by changing the propellers, wake distributions, thrust coefficients, and cavitation numbers parametrically, examined the bursting phenomenon with a high-speed video camera, and measured the pressure fluctuations caused by the phenomenon. We also measured flow distribution around the tip vortex. As a result, we found that in the bursting phenomenon, large pressure fluctuations occurred twice, and that they strongly depended on the wake distribution. Two means were suggested to suppress the bursting phenomenon, other than changing the wake distribution: stabilizing tip vortex cavitation or reducing the cavity volume. Numerical fluid simulations around a propeller in noncavitating, unsteady conditions were also conducted, and the strength of the tip vortex along the circumference and its derivative were examined. As a result, the phenomena were parameterized by the time derivative of the strength of the tip vortex, and if it was higher than a threshold value, the tip vortex cavitation burst. Therefore, it is possible to predict the occurrence of the bursting phenomenon by numerical analysis. Received: November 6, 2001 / Accepted: January 24, 2002     

凸台对多载荷AUV载荷段阻力的影响

为了研究凸台对多载荷AUV载荷段的阻力影响,基于SST k-ω湍流模型,分别对原始模型和带凸台结构模型进行了流场的数值计算.通过分析凸台截面形状及尺寸对流场的影响,研究了凸台减阻机理.结果表明,尾部凸台的出现能够避免过早的发生流体分离,降低模型尾部形成的尾涡强度和尺度,从而减小模型的压差阻力,达到减阻效果.并且,圆柱形凸台的减阻效果并不是随着尾部凸台的直径和长度增加而单调增加,而是有一个较合适的直径及长度进行匹配,从而达到最佳的减阻效果;半球形凸台对模型减阻效果很好,但在一定范围内减阻效果不随直径的增加而增强;组合型凸台的减阻效果比单纯圆柱形凸台和半球形凸台都要好,减阻量可以达到50％以上.     

三维机翼尾涡面卷曲的数值模拟

采用离散涡环法来模拟三维机翼的升力效应，机翼尾涡面由双曲四边形面元进行离散．每个面元上布置线性偶极子分布，由尾涡面上的运动学条件来确定三维涡面卷曲形状，在诱导速度计算中引入了非奇异化的光滑参数，数值模拟结果显示了本方法的有效性，与试验结果和其他数值方法相比是吻合的．     

终端空域尾流间隔缩减研究综述

改进与完善尾流间隔标准是提高终端空域容量,保障终端空域安全运行的重要措施.分析、总结了国内外缩减尾流间隔技术,指出实现尾流间隔缩减的途径有2类,一类是偏置进近程序,着重于后机避开前机的尾流影响区域;另一类是动态尾流预测模型,致力于将前机尾流对后机的影响控制在可容忍的范围之内.通过分析国内外尾流间隔缩减系统的结构组成及应用情况,指出目前研究的热点集中于动态尾流预测.并重点分析了尾流预测与尾流遭遇2个核心模块;通过快速准确地预测尾流的产生与演变,评估尾流的严重性,能够给出安全、合理的尾流间隔.提出未来研究的发展方向.      

非线性管土耦合条件下悬跨管道涡激振动响应时域预报

海底悬跨管道与海床耦合呈现高度非线性,使得发展一种时域预报方法成为需要.文章运用有限元法对输液张紧悬跨管道进行空间离散,并应用Facchinetti等改进的尾流振子模型和切片假定模拟每个有限单元上的涡激振动水动力,发展了一种悬跨管道-海床-流场多场耦合的非线性时域预报方法.在合理选取尾流振子模型附加水动力阻尼参数的基础上,时域预报了线性、理想塑性和张力截断弹簧模型下悬跨管道的涡激振动响应.研究结果表明,基于尾流振子的时域预报方法能够合理地描述非线性管土耦合边界下VIV响应;非线性边界条件下,锁定产生的最大响应幅值低于线性结果.     

旋涡影响下的振动翼水动力性能

Fish are able to make good use of vortices. In a complex flow field, many fish continue to maintain both efficient cruising and maneuverability. Traditional man-made propulsion systems perform poorly in complex flow fields. With fish-like propulsion systems, it is important to pay more attention to complex flow fields. In this paper, the influence of vortices on the hydrodynamic performance of 2-D flapping-foils was investigated. The flapping-foil heaved and pitched under the influence of inflow vortices generated by an oscillating D-section cylinder. A numerical simulation was run based the finite volume method, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations applied. In addition, dynamic mesh technology and post processing systems were also fully used. The calculations showed four modes of interaction. The hydrodynamic performance of flapping-foils was analyzed and the results compared with experimental data. This validated the numerical simulation, confirming that flapping-foils can increase efficiency by absorbing energy from inflow vortices.     

“润江1”科考船的尾涡抑制研究

通过对“润江1”科考船航行观测资料以及设计布置方案的分析,将过强尾流成因聚焦在船尾涡漩影响,并据此提出了尾涡抑制的相关方案.特殊的舵桨性能试验以及实船海试表明,尾涡抑制可以明显改善实船阻力性能,大幅提高舵桨推进效率和航行速度.     

向前射流对圆柱绕流影响的数值研究

本文对前驻点带有射流的圆柱绕流问题进行研究,采用有限元求解器进行二维数值模拟。在圆柱前驻点布置单缝式射流口,沿来流反方向,向前射流以影响圆柱的绕流流场。通过比较有无射流时圆柱涡旋脱落的不同效果,研究射流对圆柱绕流的影响机理。改变射流速度的大小,比较不同射流速度下,圆柱受力以及涡旋脱落的变化。结果显示,在一定的射流速度范围内,向前射流可以有效控制圆柱的涡旋脱落,并减小圆柱受力。