基于参数化设计的浮冰区船舶冰阻力研究

基于Voronoi图采用参数化设计工具对不规则几何形状的浮冰开展参数化建模,参照真实冰区测量信息,利用遗传算法对浮冰尺度概率分布开展了优化研究。考虑不同浮冰尺度范围,采用有限元方法对船舶在浮冰区航行的冰阻力进行了数值计算。研究发现:大尺度浮冰相对于小尺度浮冰而言,破碎更为剧烈;优化浮冰尺度概率分布的冰阻力峰值总体而言大于优化前,平均值则较小;数值计算结果在较大浮冰尺度范围内与经验值较为吻合,浮冰阻力平均值随浮冰平均尺度增大呈负指数幂函数减小趋势。文中提供了一种对浮冰尺度概率分布进行校正和优化的方法,对船舶在浮冰区的阻力预报具有一定参考价值。     

基于logistic回归分析的路段人行横道机动车让行研究

为探究道路交通条件对路段人行横道机动车让行的影响,通过无人机视频调查,采集了20处路段人行横道机动车通行过程数据,在对logistic模型应用条件进行检验的基础上,建立了路段人行横道机动车让行概率模型,并检验了模型的准确性。模型分析结果表明,安全间距、车速、监控、车道数、行人数量和行人位置对让行率具有显著影响;通过增设监控和行人中央驻足区可分别提高让行率为原来的3.700倍和4.339倍,当车道数大于4时,即使采取监控措施让行率仍将小于30%,应采用信号控制。     

求解双目标带时间窗车辆路径问题的蚁群算法

针对运输网络为多重图的双目标带时间窗车辆路径问题设计了蚁群算法.首先,建立了多重图的双目标带时间窗车辆路径问题的数学模型,提出了针对该问题解的搜索空间构建方法,定义了一种综合考虑各优化目标、时间窗和信息素等启发信息的状态转移概率公式. 为了对比说明该算法的有效性,同时设计基于NSGA-II的多目标遗传算法.针对本文算例,对蚁群算法中的各参数进行了敏感性分析,根据分析结果设定算法参数,获得了算例的Pareto最优路径集,同时与NSGA-II算法及相关文献算法针对运行时间、收敛性和群体多样性进行比较.结果显示,本文设计的蚁群算法在这3个指标上均明显优于NSGA-II算法;在相同蚂蚁数量情况下,本文的算法在收敛性和群体多样性方面优于相关文献算法.     

桥梁设计方案风险评估分析

桥梁结构风险贯穿于桥梁建设全过程.主要介绍桥梁在方案设计阶段的风险评估方法及其主要评估流程,以实际工程为例,阐述采用专家调查法确定桥梁设计方案的安全风险水平,并采用基于估计相对位置的方案排队法优选出较优方案,为桥梁方案设计阶段的风险评估提供参考依据.     

基于刚度的大应变FRP约束混凝土模型及其在桥梁抗震加固中的应用

大应变纤维增强复合材料(LRS FRP)由于断裂应变大的特点(＞5％),可能在桥墩结构抗震加固中带来较好的延性,近年来成为国内外研究的热点.大应变FRP约束混凝土应力-应变关系设计模型是加固桥墩抗震分析的基础.通过LRS FRP约束混凝土的单调轴压试验,研究了FRP约束刚度参数对应力-应变关系的影响.与基于强度的设计模...     

基于IDEPSO-SS的多工况转向架构架可靠性分析

基于子集模拟(Subset Simulation,SS)方法求解结构失效概率,再采用改进差分进化粒子群算法(IDEPSO)优化每层样本个数和初始条件概率,以获得单工况下结构最优失效概率,并结合几何分析确定联合失效概率,计算多工况下结构失效概率,确定最优失效次序.以某型转向架构架为研究对象,先采用SS方法建立构架各工况下...     

Numerical evaluation method of lightning rod protection probability北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］Aiming at the current situation in which it is difficult to efficiently evaluate protection probability through traditional lightning rod evaluation methods, an efficient numerical evaluation algorithm is developed on the basis of an electrogeometric model (EGM) and attractive volume to realize the efficient calculation of lightning protection probability at any point in space.［Methods］This method first determines the attractive volume boundary of the lightning rod and protection object according to the interception process of the upward and downward leaders. The collection surface and exposure arc of the lightning stroke distance are then calculated, enabling the attractive risk and interception effect of the lightning rod to be quantified. Finally, the attraction and interception characteristics of the lightning rod are integrated to establish a numerical evaluation model of protection probability. To verify the accuracy of this method, the general rule of lightning rod protection probability is analyzed and the results compared with the existing analysis method.［Result］The evaluation results of this method show good agreement with those of classical leader progression model (LPM) theory.［Conclusions］ The method proposed herein has a high degree of quantification and can realize the efficient calculation of lightning protection probability at any point in space, which can provide useful references for lightning protection design work. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Fatigue assessment of ship structures based on equivalent wave probability (EWP) concept (1st report): Proposal of EWP concept and its verification by 8600TEU container ship's onboard hull monitoring

A long-term fatigue assessment method based on EWP concept is proposed. ‘Equivalent wave probability (EWP)’ is the fictitious (H_S, T_m)'s joint probability distribution function (JPDF), for which the frequency distribution of the stress variance R², f(R²), calculated by spectral fatigue assessment agrees with the observed one. By choosing probability function p(R²) to fit f(R²), the R²'s statistical model (R2SM) which represents the relation between the EWP parameters and R²'s population parameters is developed, and the Bayesian inference, which can estimate the EWP parameters from the measured R² data is developed. The EWP at the reference position (RP) can be determined by Bayesian inference from the measured R² through the R2SM at RP. To accurately estimate the measured f(R²) at the target position (TP) from the EWP at RP, an R2SM correction factor at TP, denoted by α_TP, is introduced in the process of assimilating R2SM. The resulting R2SM, which has been assimilated by Bayesian inference using measured data, is referred to as data-assimilated R2SM (DAR2SM). The fatigue assessment using EWP at RP as the input of DAR2SM at TP is called Bayes-EWP-DAR2SM analysis. The validity of Bayes-EWP-DAR2SM analysis is verified by using the long-term (about four years) multi(12)-position hull monitoring (HM) data of an 8,600TEU container ship. The fatigue damages estimated by Bayes-EWP-DAR2SM based solely on the stress history of a single sensor are in agreement with measurements with sufficient accuracy, independent of the chosen data assimilation period. This demonstrates that the multi-position fatigue assessment solely through HM at one RP based on EWP concept is realized.