热扰动对冻土区片块石路基热状态变化特性的影响研究

随着我国现阶段的公路建设里程不断增长,相较于常规平原地区,高寒冻土区公路建设过程要克服冻土路基带来的各类不良影响。针对热扰动对冻土区片块石路基带来的影响进行深入研究,在分析该区域高等级公路路基状态的过程中,采集片块石路基的温度状态、吸放热状态和冻融循环状态等方面数据,探讨了其热状态变化的整体规律。研究结果显示:片块石路基在冻土区有着很好的热稳定性作用,可实现主动冷却作用;片块石路基能通过加快温差空气间的流通速度,避免热扰动对路基温度产生过于明显的影响,从而减少热扰动所带来的各类路基病害;片块石路基正下方的最大融化深度正逐步提高;片块石路基的阴阳面存在吸放热不平衡的情况,阳面路肩吸放热量达到阴面路肩吸放热量的2.7倍,阳面坡脚吸放热量达到阴面坡脚吸放热量的2.3倍;随着片块石路基阴阳面吸放热不平衡的发展,其对应的阴面冻土升温速度小于阳面冻土,阴面冻土上限发展程度同样小于阳面冻土。     

Analysis on Ground Surface Deformation and Influence of Construction Parameters Caused by Two Different Shield Machines in Double-tube Tunnelling北大核心CSCD

Based on a shield-driven running tunnel project of Hangzhou Metro Line 2, this paper carries out field measuring of the ground surface deformation caused by two different shield machines in double-tube tunnelling in soft soil areas, obtains the laws of the surface deformation caused by shield-driven double-tube tunnelling and verifies the applicability of the modified Peck formula to double-tube tunnelling. The results show that in soft soil areas the impacts on ground surface deformation caused by different shield construction parameters in the previously and subsequently excavated tunnels are different, while the surface deformation changes sharply before and after the shield machine passing through the cutting face, and a rebound phenomenon occurs when the shield tail passes through the cutting face due to the influence of the grouting; The cutterhead torque of the shield machine in soft soil areas can be composed of five calculation factors, and the calculation results are in good agreement with the measured values. The larger the opening rate of the shield cutterhead is, the larger the average torque value will be, the higher the percentage of large ground loss rate will be, and the larger the maximum ground surface settlement will be; The ratio of cutterhead torque T to mucking volume per ring Q is used as the control parameter for analyzing the ground surface settlement, and a certain positive correlation between the ratio and the surface settlement value is determined, the smaller the cutterhead opening rate is, the more accurate the fitting results will be. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

谈服务区“后浇带”施工

详细论述了高速公路服务区综合楼"后浇带"的施工方法,对"后浇带"浇注时间的确定、"后浇带"支撑与拆除方法及成品保护、安全措施提出了详细要求和理论依据,对"后浇带"施工有一定指导意义.     

路网环境下考虑大型车混入率的事故疏散诱导模型

大型车的混入对高速公路交通流产生了较大的影响，尤其是在交通事故情景下。为了引导事故条件下驾驶人和组织者做出高效准确的决断，将考虑了大型车混入率的动态空间占有率模型引入到交通波模型，构建干涉与非干涉情景下的交通事故影响模型。以郑尧高速为例，对模型的准确性和可行性进行了验证，分别对干涉情景下的疏散时间、疏散量以及事故发生的位置，车辆数等指标与事故影响程度的指标（包含事故最远排队长度，事故持续时间）关系进行分析。研究结果表明：疏散时间与事故影响程度成正相关关系，疏散量与事故影响程度成负相关关系，而事故发生点与上游匝道之间的距离与其关系不大；道路服务水平为0.456，车辆数为1 321 veh·h^-1时，为了使得分合流区不受影响，在不采取任何措施的情景下，应将大型车混入率控制在50.1%以下，使得最远排队长度在10 km内；当大型车混入率大于58%时，将很难通过干涉引导避免对上游分合流区产生影响；在35 min以内采取干涉措施的效果最为明显，而大于35 min时，事故持续时间会发生一个急剧的增加，不利于路网恢复，之后事故恢复时间将趋于平稳；对道路交通量进行模拟可知交通量每增加50 veh，疏散时间和距离增加的范围为[1.5 min，3.6 min]和[1.209 km，1.543 km]。研究结果可为高速公路事故诱导策略制定和疏散效果提升提供参考。     

高速铁路5×50m钢箱-混凝土连续结合梁设计研究

连续结合梁作为将钢与混凝土相组合共同参与工作的体系,受力十分复杂,应用中要确保结构具有良好的静力、动力性能。以某高速铁路5×50 m钢箱-混凝土连续结合梁为工程背景,介绍设计时对负弯矩区处理、桥面板预应力施加、混凝土徐变和活载效应、动力性能等重点问题的计算和分析,研究表明,通过调整施工顺序、采用合理的徐变及活载计算方法、底板铺设混凝土等措施,可使结构各项指标满足要求。     

风沙地区铁路选线勘测中应关注的几个问题

风沙地区铁路工程的选线和勘测是铁路修建前期工作中很重要的阶段。结合乌锡线的勘测及施工经历，通过实例总结了风沙地区铁路前期选线中，地质勘察的一般方法和应引起重视的几个问题，使勘测工作能为铁路工程的设计提供可靠资料。     

Challenges and Prospects of Fisheries Co-Management under a Marine Extractive Reserve Framework in Northeastern Brazil

In Brazil, Marine Extractive Reserves—MERs (Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas) represent the most significant government-supported effort to protect the common property resources upon which traditional small-scale fishers depend. From an initial small-scale experience in 1992, MERs have expanded countrywide, now encompassing 30 units (9,700 km²) and nearly 60,000 fishers. Despite such escalating interest in the model, there is little research on the effectiveness of MERs. In this article, we discuss relevant parts of the history and examine the current situation of the fisheries co-management initiative in the Marine Extractive Reserve of Corumbau, which was created in 2000 as the first MER to encompass coral reefs and reef fisheries. We describe the Extractive Reserve co-management arrangement and its main policy and legislative challenges. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the use of MERs as management frameworks for traditional small-scale fisheries in Brazil.     

三峡库区港口边坡生态防护技术研究

针对三峡库区复杂工程地质与水位条件下的港口高边坡稳定性与生态防护技术进行了深入研究,在国内外库区岸坡防护技术的基础上进行了优化比选,提出了采用香根草护面加筋边坡这一新型结构体系对三峡库岸边坡进行防护,并采用有限元仿真模拟计算与工程试验相结合的方法进行了论证。实践表明,该防护技术满足三峡库岸边坡防护的安全经济、环保性要求,是一种新型有效的库区港口边坡生态防护技术。     

对船舶污染损害侵权责任及索赔主体问题的探讨

船舶污染事故是造成海洋环境污染损害的主要原因之一,建立完善的船舶污染损害索赔机制,保证受损方获得及时的赔偿,是恢复海洋环境、维护受害者利益所必须的。文中从民法的基本原理出发,对国家海域所有权、海域使用权等进行了论述,并按照民事侵权责任的承担原则,对索赔权利主体的确定等问题进行了探讨。     

一种轻型天线稳定平台的设计

介绍了一种适用于大振动、冲击、强电磁干扰、倒单摆式大惯量负载等特殊要求的轻型天线稳定平台的机电一体化设计.可对类似的应用提供有用的借鉴.