A new lost time estimation method for right‐turn traffic in Japan considering signal phasing and sneakers

Precise estimation of the capacity for right‐turn traffic (comparable to left‐turn traffic in the USA) is of great importance to determine signal phasing schemes at signalized intersections in Japan, where the left‐hand driving rule is valid. However, in most signal timing procedures across the world, the lost time of right‐turn traffic is simply determined by the duration of intergreen intervals and thus lacks considerations of various signal phasing and driver behavior. Meanwhile, sneakers per cycle are usually applied to account for the number of drivers completing right turns during the effective red portion of the clearance‐and‐change intervals. As a result, an initial cycle length must be hypothesized in order to assess the total number of sneakers within the analysis period. Consequently, a time‐consuming iterative calculation process often becomes necessary. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a new lost time estimation method for right‐turn traffic to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. Lost times of right‐turn traffic under three conventional phasing plans are theoretically formulated on the basis of a time–space diagram and shock‐wave theory. The new method is validated using field data, with case studies of its application in the signal timing procedure. Results indicated that the proposed method is capable of offering more accurate estimation than conventional approaches, which leads to shorter cycle length and simplifies signal timing process by eliminating an iterative check to determine the number of sneakers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于灵活相位的双向绿波协调控制

先进的交通信号控制系统的核心是控制策略及参数模型,而信号相位设计是交通信号设计中最具有创造性的部分,也是控制策略实现前提条件.针对目前城市干线交通拥挤现状,提出了一种基于NEMA相位的灵活相位相序协调控制优化方案,并给出了相应的设计原则,再在MAXBAND核心数学模型上给出了基于灵活相位的双向绿波带宽最大化模型.最后通过实例验证分析表明,相对于传统相位相序策略,灵活相位策略具有一定的优越性,而且该策略能够有效提高干线的通行效率,减轻城市交通堵塞.     

瑞利波检测技术在高速公路改扩建工程中的应用

应用瑞利波原理,分析沪宁高速公路瑞利波检测数据,通过钻孔取样验证瑞利波检测结果可靠性,拟合波速与压实度对应关系式,提出路基质量的瑞利波速评价标准,表明瑞利波波速确立了高速公路路基路面质量指标与检测物理参数间直接或相关关系.     

Propagation characteristics of elastic wave in layered medium and applications of impact imaging method

It is an important subject to probe the structure in the medium by various kinds of detection methods in the geotechnical engineering. Based on the propagation theory of elastic wave in half-space layered medium, the propagation characteristics of elastic wave in layered medium with different elastic parameters are discussed using dynamic analysis of finite element method. It is known that the S-wave velocity, density and thickness of layer are related to the properties of the elastic wave including waveform characteristics, spectral characteristics and time-frequency characteristics. We pay special attention to the structure with low velocity interlayer. The impact imaging method is applied to the grouting construction of the immersed tube tunnel. Data acquisition and analytical method are introduced in detail. The grouting effects can be qualitatively evaluated by comparing the characteristics of elastic wave before grouting with those after grouting. Finally, a quantitative evaluation is obtained according to the relationship between energy response of elastic wave and impedance ratio.     

城市快速路交通流特性分析

城市快速路是城市道路网的主骨架,对交通状态进行状态划分及稳定性分析,结合城市快速路交通信息采集系统的交通流检测数据,对速度一流量关系模型进行分析,建立了城市快速路快速交通流流量、速度、占有率关系模型,并进行交通流基本参数时变特性和空间特性分析。首先利用基本图理论,对3种城市快速路交通流状态进行稳定性分析。随后,结合北京市典型路段实测数据散点图,对各种速度一流量关系模型的适用范围和适用程度进行对比分析,从而得出Greenshields模型的拟合效果最好。最后分析交通状态转换过程中的交通流参数时变特性和空间特性,对实际交通疏导有指导意义。     

选择性波峰焊在LED车灯模组生产中的运用

主要阐述汽车用LED模组的组装生产工艺,尤其是针对通孔连接器与SMT电子元器件同时需要焊接的模组,采用选择性波峰焊工艺能够提高焊接品质,降低品质风险。同时对完整的选择性波峰焊焊接工艺流程进行说明,对工艺参数设定进行重点分析和研究。本文也对焊接原理和实际操作两方面进行阐述,并例举了选择性波峰焊的工艺注意事项和对常见问题的分析。     

空间电压矢量最优化选取的新方法

本文研究了空间电压矢量选取的一般方法,提出一种新的研究方法--MMF等效法,这种新的方法能推广到n相电机控制中,它是从电机学的角度进行分析,在电压逆变器控制多相电机过程中,该方法通过电压分频和绕组转换,使转换前后的MMF保持不变,然后将通过逆变器开关组合得到的各个电压值沿各自电压方向合成,通过合成更简洁地得到一组理想的电压矢量,并与一般选取方法采用矢量分解投影得到的结果相吻合.     

滑行艇波浪中纵向运动理论预报的新方法

分析了现有滑行艇纵向运动理论预报方法的不足;根据滑行艇的艇型特点以及模型静水阻力试验和规则波、不规则波的试验结果,提出了滑行艇纵向运动的基本假设;建立了计及浮性和滑行力、滑行力矩影响的滑行艇纵向运动基本方程,提出了预报滑行艇纵向运动的实用计算方法(滑航法)并编制了理论预报程序;比较了忽略浮态变化的全排水量法、只考虑浮态变化的浮航法、同时考虑浮态变化和滑行力、滑行力矩影响的滑航法的计算值和实验值的差别,指出在预报滑行艇纵向运动时,低速宜采用金排水量法或浮航法,中高速时宜采用滑航法.     

斜坡堤护面肩台宽度优化的试验研究

在港口及海岸工程中,斜坡堤是一种传统的、广为采用的结构形式。文章通过模型试验,分析了波浪作用下不同肩台宽度对斜坡堤断面的稳定性、越浪量和胸墙受力情况的影响,对斜坡堤护面肩台宽度进行了调整,达到了优化的目的。     

规范法深水风浪要素计算图的修正

在缺少海洋水文观测资料的情况下,利用风浪要素计算图确定风浪尺度是工程人员推算设计波浪的简便方法。本文根据《海港水文规范》中推荐的方法和基本公式,绘制了深水风浪要素计算图,对现行规范中的计算图进行了修正。