对新时期轻型水面舰船发展的思考

轻型水面舰船曾在众多海战中发挥了举足轻重的作用，但在“能量”制胜情况下，大型的多功能的舰船优势明显，轻型舰艇的不足凸显，其地位和作用逐渐削弱。然而信息技术的发展，实现了单平台作战向多平台联合作战的转变，“信息”将成为决定战争胜利的决定因素。本文分析了信息化条件下作战样式以及战场环境新特点，提出了我国轻型水面舰船发展的思考。     

八三式铁路轻型军用桥墩快速抢架技术

为提高八三式铁路轻型军用桥墩拼组抢架效率、缩短抢架进程、降低劳动强度,对八三式铁路轻型军用桥墩抢架准备、预案制订、器材出库装载、现场拼组、墩顶加固等各环节进行充分研究,编制了《八三式铁路桥墩抢修应急预案》,设计了器材集装框架化构件,创新了杆件预拼、单元化拼组、墩外拼组顶推横移就位、墩顶螺旋支座加固法等多项技术措施。详细阐述了每种技术措施的施工工艺,为铁路桥墩的快速抢架积累了宝贵经验。     

真空轻型井点降水在深埋隧道未成岩富水粉细砂层施工中的应用

真空轻型井点降水在基坑和浅埋隧道施工中应用较多,但很少在深埋隧道中应用,对其降水效果也难以判断。依托兰渝铁路桃树坪隧道洞内降水工程,通过降水管如何设计与施工对真空轻型井点在洞内降水进行了研究。实践证明轻型井点降水在深埋隧道能够达到无水施工的效果,保证了隧道开挖过程中的砂层自稳,并对后续施工提出了改进建议。对类似工程具有参考意义。     

The potential health,financial and environmental impacts of dieselgate in Ireland

ABSTRACT

The transportation sector is the greatest contributor to air pollution. With the booming demand for transportation, reducing the pollution has become one of the main concerns of researchers. EPA emission standards are designed to protect air quality and human health. Diesel Euro 5 NO_x has become a matter of disquiet since it has been found that NO_x emissions are significantly exceeding the standard limit. This paper presents a study to estimate the disparity in real-world NO_x emission levels resulted from all diesel Euro 5 passenger cars (PC) and light commercial vehicles (LCV) that are present in Ireland. NO_x emission levels calculated based on laboratory test results, on-road measurements and the COPERT 4 model were compared. Additionally, NO_x emission levels from the defective Volkswagen models have been calculated to quantify the effect of the Volkswagen scandal on Ireland. Impacts of excess NO_x emissions on health and cost have also been presented.     

NDIR方法应用于汽油车NO排气检测的试验研究

为改善在用点燃式轻型汽车简易工况NO排气检测准确性,将NDIR检测法应用于NO的排放检测。采用比对测试方法,在184辆在用轻型汽油车的ASM排放检测中,同时采用NDIR方法与通用的电化学法进行排气NO浓度测试。测试结果表明,对于NO检测,NDIR方法与工况的跟随性较电化学方法好,电化学方法测试响应时间较NDIR方法滞后7~8s。采用有限差分法对两种检测方法的检测灵敏度进行分析,得出NDIR法的灵敏度为11.87,电化学法为6.97。分析NDIR法、电化学法两种检测方法下NO测试浓度值的相关性,发现两者高度线性相关,相关系数为0.98。研究结果表明NDIR方法完全适用于ASM工况NO排气浓度检测,其检测准确率较电化学方法高。     

国内外轻型汽车能源消耗量标识概况

本文基于对世界各地轻型汽车能源消耗量标识的发展历史、现状及趋势的调研分析,介绍了各国能耗标识的基本内容、辅助信息及其他信息,对比各国能耗标识的特点以及在绝对能耗、比较能耗、车辆参数、排放、费用、能耗折算、安全信息等方面的差异,并深入分析产生差异的原因。为国内外汽车生产企业了解各地能耗标识、出口车辆标识的制作粘贴提供了参考,并为我国下一阶段轻型汽车能耗标识标准修订提供了研究基础。     

The role of light duty vehicles in future air pollution: a case study of Sacramento

Abstract

On-road light-duty vehicles (LDVs) play an important role in contributing to urban air pollution. Although vehicles are getting cleaner, regional growth in vehicle population and vehicle miles traveled would somewhat offset California's efforts in transportation pollution reduction. To better understand the role of LDVs in future air pollution, we conduct a case study for Sacramento, California, and investigate future trends in urban air pollution attributable to the light-duty fleet. Results indicate that ambient concentrations of CO, NO _x , and total organic gases (TOGs) caused by future light-duty fleets would dramatically decrease over coming years. The resulting concentrations in 2030 might be as low as approximately 20% of the 2005 concentrations. These reflect the improvements in vehicle/fuel technologies and standards in California. However, the future particulate matter (PM₁₀) pollution could be slightly worse than that caused by the 2005 fleet. This is a result of the growing fleet-average emission factors of particulates from 2005 to 2030. For purposes of future particulate control, more attention needs to be paid to LDVs, besides heavy-duty vehicles.     

中国轻型汽车国Ⅳ国Ⅴ排放法规对比分析

2013年9月为了保护环境,保障人体健康,防治大气污染,由中华人民共和国环境保护部与国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第五阶段）》为国家污染物排放标准。本文对国Ⅳ标准与国Ⅴ标准的限值,与技术路线进行对比分析。     

海拔对轻型柴油车实际驾驶排放的影响

在青海省选择海拔为1 900m,2 200m,2 400m和3 000m的4个环境点,对一辆轻型柴油车按照实际驾驶排放(RDE)测试要求进行试验,并利用移动平均窗口法处理数据,得到车辆实际驾驶排放数据。对车辆的排放结果进行了评估,并分析了海拔对排放的影响。结果表明:随着海拔的增加,CO与PN排放先增加后减小,在2 400m时出现最大值,NOx排放先减小后增加,在2 400m处出现最小值;4个海拔点CO与PN排放值均低于法规限值,NOx排放值均高于法规限值,符合性系数分别为7.44,7.11,6.44,8。     

满足国Ⅲ排放的轻型车用柴油机的开发

应用高喷射压力的PM型直列泵 电子调速器 冷EGR技术,并结合柴油机本体关键系统的优化,成功开发达到国Ⅲ排放标准要求的轻型车用YN33柴油机,并对YN33柴油机技术优势进行了分析。