信号交叉口进出口段限速标志对运行效率的影响研究

限速标志在对速度管控的同时,对运行效率也有影响。作者以嘉兴市G320-文昌路平面信号交叉口为例,结合实地调研与VISIIM模拟,运用前后对比法分析了该交叉口设置基本路段限速90 km/h和在进口前100米限速70 km/h及全段80 km/h限速两种限速情形下的行程时间、延误时间、排队长度及停车次数的差异。结果表明,在信号交叉口进口范围内设置较基本路段低的限速,对交通安全改善作用不大,还会在一定程度上降低运行效率。     

考虑ATP限速的ATO控制算法研究

一般列车自动运行(ATO)控制算法不直接考虑列车自动防护系统(ATP)限速的约束,因此可能造成列车在正常运行情况下的紧急停车。本文提出一种基于模型预测控制MPC(Model Predictive Control)的ATO控制算法,在控制器设计中直接考虑ATP限速约束,能够保证在ATO控制列车正常运行情况下不会触发ATP紧急制动,从而提高列车运行效率和舒适度。仿真结果表明该方法是有效的。     

雨天环境下高速公路可变限速控制方法研究

降雨对高速公路交通安全和通行效率具有一定的负面影响.运用可变限速控制技术,根据高速公路实时交通流状态和降雨强度,对各路段限速值进行动态优化和调整,减小降雨带来的不利影响.阐述了雨天可变限速控制系统的总体方案,分析了降雨对能见度和路面摩擦系数的影响,建立了雨天环境下高速公路安全车速计算模型;在宏观动态交通流模型METANET基础上,提出了适用于雨天可变限速控制条件的改进模型,并以控制周期内所有车辆总行驶里程最大为目标,建立了雨天可变限速控制优化模型.利用Matlab软件仿真实验,结果表明,与固定限速方式相比,本文建立的可变限速控制方法可提高雨天环境下高速公路车辆运行速度,并降低各路段车速差,保障雨天环境下高速公路安全高效运行.     

Real-world gaseous and particle emissions of a Bi-fuel gasoline/CNG Euro 6 passenger car

The objective of the present study is the assessment of the environmental impact of a bivalent (bi-fuel) vehicle, running either on gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). To that aim, a Euro 6 passenger car was tested under various real-world driving conditions. In order to cover the full range of conventional powertrains currently in the market, the tests were also repeated on a Euro 6 diesel passenger car. Both cars were driven in two routes, the first complying with the regulation limits and the second going beyond them. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particle number (PN) emissions were recorded using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Apart from the aggregated emission levels, in g/km, the exact emission location along the route was also assessed. Natural gas proved beneficial for CO and PN emissions, the level of which always remained below the respective legislation limits. On the other hand, under the dynamic driving conditions with gasoline, the relevant limits were exceeded. Cold start, occurring at the beginning of the urban part, and motorway driving were identified as major contributors to total emissions, especially in gasoline mode. However, the application of natural gas was associated with a penalty in NO_x emissions, which were significantly increased as compared to gasoline. Local peaks within the urban part were identified in CNG mode. In any case, the diesel vehicle was by far the highest NO_x emitter.     

Optimisation of motorway operations via ramp metering and variable speed limits

This paper presents a modelling and optimisation framework for deriving ramp metering and variable speed control strategies. We formulate the optimal control problems aiming to minimise the travel delay on motorways based upon a macroscopic cell transmission model of traffic. The optimal ramp metering optimisation is formulated as a linear programming (LP) while the variable speed control problem is formulated as a mixed integer LP. The optimisation models are applied to a real scenario over a section of M25 motorway in the UK. This paper also includes various analyses on the sensitivity of the optimal control solutions with respect to different network configurations and model assumptions.     

石灰改良膨胀土的基本特性

根据蚌明高速公路工程实例，就弱膨胀土石灰改良后路用基本性质进行室内试验研究，研究结果对工程实践具有一定的应用价值。     

基于节点的既有雨水管网系统可靠度研究

采用结构可靠度理论,从既有雨水管网系统节点出发,分析了影响节点上下游输水能力的管径d、粗糙度n、水力坡度J、计算模型NR以及汇入节点处的雨水流量q的不确定性因素;使用Monte-Carlo法确定节点处的可靠度;采用串联结构模型窄界限法确定出既有管网的可靠度。     

大跨度轨道桥梁在地震及列车倚载作用下的动力响应分析

为探讨实用的轨道桥梁抗震设计方法,通过建立地震荷载作用下车-轨-桥系统的动力响应分析模型,以跨越长江的武汉天兴洲公铁两用斜拉桥为研究对象,运用计算机仿真的方法,模拟了列车在不同强度和频率正弦波作用下过桥的全过程。分析了车辆类型、地震强度和频谱特征等因素对地震发生时车辆与桥梁结构动力响应的影响,以脱轨系数、轮重减载率和横向轮轨力作为评价标准,给出了确保地震发生时列车安全运行的桥梁容许横向位移限值和横向加速度限值,可供轨道桥梁抗震设计时参考。     

舰载设备可靠性振动试验剖面设计方法研究

给出了一种基于实测数据的舰载设备可靠性振动试验剖面设计方法。应用数理统计理论,对舰载设备振动环境实测数据进行参数假设检验,得到具有不同区域和不同状态的特征样本。采用修正后的容差上限法归纳特征样本的随机振动规范谱,确定试验量值,再根据任务剖面确定试验时间,得到舰载设备可靠性振动试验剖面。结果表明,该方法理论完善,为舰载设备振动环境的可靠性评定奠定了基础。     

钢筋疲劳极限的简测法

本文提出一种利用循环应力应变曲线迅速测定钢筋疲劳极限的新方法。列出了三种钢筋循环应力应变曲线的实测结果和疲劳极限的估值区间。用常规法直接测得的极限值在此区间内。新法的测定速度较常规法的快几十倍,而且一般不需用特制的夹具。