如何有效的治理公路货运双超难题

公路货运车辆的超载、超限问题由来已久,久抓未绝,严重扭曲了正常的市场规则。治理双超是为了维护社会主义市场经济秩序,建立健康、规范、公平、有序的道路运输市场的需要。治理车辆双超需要通过经济、法律、行政等手段的综合运用,各要素充分整合协调,才能有效的解决这一难题。就公路货运双超问题进行分析,并就如何治理提出建议。     

电动汽车电磁辐射对人体健康影响的评估研究

电动汽车行业迅速发展,车内电磁辐射的剂量评估存在诸多问题亟待解决。阐述了电动汽车电磁辐射研究进 展,依据国内外电动汽车辐射研究现状以及国内外电磁辐射暴露限值相关标准,对现行电动汽车电磁辐射标准的异同作 了比较,并介绍了电动汽车电磁辐射模拟计算方法,采用模拟计算和实际测量对车内人体电磁辐射暴露剂量进行了评 估。对电动汽车电磁辐射的模拟评估、测量评价以及对人体的辐射影响等问题,仍需不断探索和研究。     

Integrated feedback ramp metering and mainstream traffic flow control on motorways using variable speed limits

Ramp metering (RM) is the most direct and efficient tool for the motorway traffic flow management. However, because of the usually short length of the on-ramps, RM is typically deactivated to avoid interference of the created ramp queue with adjacent street traffic. By the integration of local RM with mainstream traffic flow control (MTFC) enabled via variable speed limits (VSL), control operation upstream of active bottlenecks could be continued even if the on-ramp is full or if the RM lower bound has been reached. Such integration is proposed via the extension of an existing local cascade feedback controller for MTFC-VSL by use of a split-range-like scheme that allows different control periods for RM and MTFC-VSL. The new integrated controller remains simple yet efficient and suitable for field implementation. The controller is evaluated in simulation for a real motorway infrastructure (a ring-road) fed with real (measured) demands and compared to stand-alone RM or MTFC-VSL, both with feedback and optimal control results. The controller’s performance is shown to meet the specifications and to approach the optimal control results for the investigated scenario.     

Feedback control speed harmonization algorithm: Methodology and preliminary testing

The capacity drop phenomenon, which reduces the maximum bottleneck discharge rate following the onset of congestion, is a critical restriction in transportation networks that produces additional traffic congestion. Consequently, preventing or reducing the occurrence of the capacity drop not only mitigates traffic congestion, but can also produce environmental and traffic safety benefits. In addressing this problem, the paper develops a novel bang-bang feedback control speed harmonization (SH) or Variable Speed Limit (VSL) algorithm, that attempts to prevent or delay the breakdown of a bottleneck and thus reduce traffic congestion. The novelty of the system lies in the fact that it is both proactive and reactive in responding to the dynamic stochastic nature of traffic. The system is proactive because it uses a calibrated fundamental diagram to initially identify the optimum throughput to maintain within the SH zone. Furthermore, the system is reactive (dynamic) because it monitors the traffic stream directly upstream of the bottleneck to adjustment the metering rate to capture the dynamic and stochastic nature of traffic. The steady-state traffic states in the vicinity of a lane-drop bottleneck before and after applying the SH algorithm is analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in alleviating the capacity drop. We demonstrate theoretically that the SH algorithm is effective in enhancing the bottleneck discharge rate. A microscopic simulation of the network using the INTEGRATION software further demonstrates the benefits of the algorithm in increasing the bottleneck discharge rate, decreasing vehicle delay, and reducing vehicle fuel consumption and CO₂ emission levels. Specifically, compared with the base case without the SH algorithm, the advisory speed limit increases the bottleneck discharge rate by approximately 7%, reduces the overall system delay by approximately 20%, and reduces the system-wide fuel consumption and CO₂ emission levels by 5%.     

A fuzzy logic‐based variable speed limit controller

Variable speed limit (VSL) is an emerging intelligent transportation system (ITS) measure to improve operational and safety performance of motorway systems. Rule‐based algorithms have been widely used in VSL applications because of their comprehensibility and ease of application. However, most of the algorithms proposed in the literature under this category are rather rough for the speed control. Pre‐specified rules show some difficulties in appropriately activating/deactivating control actions in real time because of non‐stationary and nonlinear nature of the traffic system. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic‐based VSL control algorithm as an alternative to the existing VSL control algorithms. The proposed algorithm uses fuzzy sets instead of crisp sets to allow the separation of attribute domains into several overlapping intervals. The discretization using fuzzy sets can help to overcome the sensitivity problem caused by crisp discretization used in the existing VSL algorithms. The proposed algorithm is assessed for a test bed in Auckland using AIMSUN micro‐simulator and verified against a well‐known VSL algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing one to improve the efficiency performance of the motorway system with the critical bottleneck capacity increased by 6.42% and total travel time reduced by 12.39% when compared to a no‐control scenario. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于FrontPage中站点权限问题

论述FrontPage中站点权限的几个问题 ,如何设置站点的权限 ;Windows下Microsoft服务器的安全性 ;Windows下UNIX和非IIS(O’Reilly和Netscape)服务器的安全性。     

南崖山隧道塌方段钢架变形应急处理技术

在隧道施工中,拱架置换是处理隧道严重病害的一种有效防止措施,但其施工难度较大,无理论实践经验,技术流程也较复杂。针对兰渝铁路南崖山隧道出口DK490＋100~DK490＋082段边墙初期支护从切除至更换的施工全过程,介绍了软弱围岩侵限拱架置换施工的关键技术,分析了拱架置换施工的主要质量控制方法,为今后类似工程的施工提供了实践参考。     

高速公路瓶颈路段可变限速控制方法研究

为缓解高速公路瓶颈区域产生的交通拥堵,降低交通波对上游交通流的影响,首先对瓶颈区域上游路段进行区间划分,然后在已有宏观交通流模型基础上,引入速度调解率系数,将其作为控制变量建立可变限速控制系统模型;并采用禁忌搜索算法对建立的模型进行求解.仿真结果表明,对高速公路瓶颈区域上游路段实施分区间可变限速联动控制,能有效地抵制瓶颈区域产生的交通波向上游快速传播,能够在一定时空范围内有效地缓解和消除交通拥堵.     

掺石灰对高液限土击实试验的影响

石灰作为一种有效的外掺剂可以显著降低其液塑限.为了指导施工,保证路基的压实质量,对不同灰剂量的石灰土进行标准击实试验,可得出最大干密度和最佳含水量随灰剂量的变化规律.     

Speed limit laws in America: The role of geography, mobility and ideology

Speed limits had been centralized at the federal level since 1974, until decisions were devolved to the states in 1995. However, the centralization debate has reemerged in recent years. This paper conducts the first econometric analysis of the determinants of speed limit laws and State reactions after the repeal. By using mobility, geographic and political variables, our results suggest that geography - which reflects private mobility needs and social preferences -, is one of the main factors influencing speed limit laws, together with political ideology. Furthermore, we identify the presence of regional and time diffusion effects. By presenting first evidence on policy determinants, we provide a better understanding of the formulation of the heterogeneity of speed limits in US and offer implications for the debate on centralization and decentralization of transport policy.