Assigning fighter plane formations to enemy aircraft using fuzzy logic

Fighter aircraft protect specific facilities on alert in the air by patrolling expectation zones. These zones are located in the direction from which enemy aircraft attacks are expected; fighter formations are sent from them to intercept enemy aircraft. The problem considered in this paper is to determine the optimum assignment of fighter plane formations to enemy formations. The proposed solution is based on fuzzy logic and integer linear programming. A numerical example is given to illustrate the application possibilities of the proposed solution.     

矮塔斜拉桥施工阶段线形敏感性分析

文章以某双塔单索面预应力混凝土矮塔斜拉桥为工程背景,研究矮塔斜拉桥施工阶段线形对结构自重偏差、混凝土受力龄期、系统温差、索塔温度梯度、主梁梁温度梯度、索梁温差、斜拉索张拉力偏差、主梁预应力张拉力偏差等参数的敏感性,并引入敏感性评价参数α,合理评价各种参数对施工阶段桥梁线形的影响程度。研究结果表明:温度作用对施工阶段桥梁线形影响较大,矮塔斜拉桥的施工监控应加强温度监测;主梁自重偏差对施工阶段桥梁线形也影响较大,施工中应严格控制混凝土方量误差。     

Dynamic change of aircraft seat condition for fast boarding

Aircraft boarding is a process mainly impacted by the boarding sequence, individual passenger behavior and the amount of hand luggage. Whereas these aspects are widely addressed in scientific research and considered in operational improvements, the influence of infrastructural changes is only focused upon in the context of future aircraft design. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the innovative approach of a Side-Slip Seat, which allows passengers to pass each other during boarding. The seat holds the potential to reduce the boarding time by approx. 20%, even considering operational constraints, such as passenger conformance to the proposed boarding strategy. A validated stochastic boarding model is extended to analyze the impact of the Side-Slip Seat. The implementation of such fundamental change inside the aircraft cabin demands for adapted boarding strategies, in order to cover all the benefits that accompany this new dynamic seating approach. To reasonably identify efficient strategies, an evolutionary algorithm is used to systematically optimize boarding sequences. As a result, the evolutionary algorithm depicts that operationally relevant boarding strategies implementing the Side-Slip Seat should differentiate between the left and the right side of the aisle, instead of the current operationally preferred boarding from the back to the front.     

An optimal pole-matching observer design for estimating tyre–road friction force

In this paper, considering the dynamical model of tyre–road contacts, we design a nonlinear observer for the on-line estimation of tyre–road friction force using the average lumped LuGre model without any simplification. The design is the extension of a previously offered observer to allow a muchmore realistic estimation by considering the effect of the rolling resistance and a term related to the relative velocity in the observer. Our aim is not to introduce a new friction model, but to present a more accurate nonlinear observer for the assumed model. We derive linear matrix equality conditions to obtain an observer gain with minimum pole mismatch for the desired observer error dynamic system. We prove the convergence of the observer for the non-simplified model. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed observer with that of the previously mentioned nonlinear observer, which shows significant improvement in the accuracy of estimation.     

A linear complementarity method for the solution of vertical vehicle–track interaction

A new method is proposed for the solution of the vertical vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail. The vehicle is modelled as a multi-body system using rigid bodies, and the track is treated as a three-layer beam model in which the rail is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and both the sleepers and the ballast are represented by lumped masses. A linear complementarity formulation is directly established using a combination of the wheel–rail normal contact condition and the generalised-α method. This linear complementarity problem is solved using the Lemke algorithm, and the wheel–rail contact force can be obtained. Then the dynamic responses of the vehicle and the track are solved without iteration based on the generalised-α method. The same equations of motion for the vehicle and track are adopted at the different wheel–rail contact situations. This method can remove some restrictions, that is, time-dependent mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the coupled system, multiple equations of motion for the different contact situations and the effect of the contact stiffness. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for simulating the vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail.     

城市隧道出口公交车换道行为对交通流的影响

为了研究城市隧道出口处公交车的换道行为对交通流的影响,以城市隧道出口公交车的换道特性为研究对象,阐述并分析了公交车在城市隧道出口换道过程中的3种影响状态.然后采用摄像法采集相关数据并分析,借助SPSS软件构建了关于公交换道频率、公交换道持续时间、最大公交换道长度及其存在时间、隧道交通流量与车头时距关系的多元线性模型,并进行了相关性检验,得出了公交车换道对城市隧道出口交通流影响的主要因素.     

基于一种新的伪氨酸组成预测蛋白质折叠速率

以chou等人提出的伪氨酸组成方法为基础,从蛋白质序列的氨基酸组成信息和顺序信息着手,提出一种新的伪氨酸组成方法,即利用新伪氨酸序列的自相关函数、氨基酸的平均中程接触和氨基酸频率构造了23维向量来描述蛋白质序列,进而建立多元线性回归函数对蛋白质折叠速率进行预测,经jackknife检验相关系数达到了0.84.并与其他两种方法进行比较使本文的结论得到较好的验证.同时验证了本文提取的特征参数对蛋白质折叠速率有一定的影响.     

A mixed-integer linear program for optimizing sensor locations along freeway corridors

How to optimally allocate limited freeway sensor resources is of great interest to transportation engineers. In this paper, we focus on the optimal allocation of point sensors, such as loop detectors, to minimize performance measurement errors. Although it has been shown that the minimization problem can be intuitively formulated as a nonlinear program, the formulation is so complex that only heuristic approaches can be used to solve the problem. In this paper, we transform the nonlinear program into an equivalent mixed-integer linear model. The linearized model is shown to have a graphical interpretation and can be solved using resource constrained shortest path algorithms. A customized Branch-and-Bound technique is then proposed to solve the resource constrained shortest path problem. Numerical experiments along an urban freeway corridor demonstrate that this sensor location model is successful in allocating loop detectors to improve the accuracy of travel time estimation.     

船用舵系三维建模及应用研究

舵是船舶的一个重要构件,它的作用是调整和控制船舶航行的方向。舵结构设计制造的好坏会直接影响船舶性能。本文主要阐述如何进行舵叶的三维建模及生产设计,通过全新的理念解决一些传统手工放样产生的弊端。使用计算机进行三维建模,直观体现现代化造船的优势,和精确制造的蕴涵。通过深入浅出解析生产设计中难点,提供一种的新方法新思路,供大家参考学习。