光纤光栅孔隙水压力计的研制与应用研究

阐述了光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)技术的原理以及传感器的结构设计原理和方法,采用光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感技术研制了适合岩土工程使用的光纤光栅孔隙水压力计,对研制的6支光纤光栅孔隙水压力计进行了试验检验并埋设于某高速公路软土路基中试测孔隙水压力以检验研发成果。实践结果表明该仪器克服了常规仪器的某些缺点,并有稳定性好、耐腐蚀等优点,可以较好地应用于岩土工程监测当中。本仪器的研制对于光纤传感技术在岩土工程领域的应用具有积极的推动作用。     

机器人生产线在船舶智能制造中的应用研究

智能制造是“中国制造2025”的主攻方向。本文先浅谈了智能船厂，并结合国内首个智能船厂试点对智能船厂的初级发展建设等进行初步探索，主要对船舶智能制造机器人生产线应用进行梳理分析，如工艺流程及布置、生产模式改进、提质增效和人员减配等。     

A generic data assimilation framework for vehicle trajectory reconstruction on signalized urban arterials using particle filters

With trajectory data, a complete microscopic and macroscopic picture of traffic flow operations can be obtained. However, trajectory data are difficult to observe over large spatiotemporal regions—particularly in urban contexts—due to practical, technical and financial constraints. The next best thing is to estimate plausible trajectories from whatever data are available. This paper presents a generic data assimilation framework to reconstruct such plausible trajectories on signalized urban arterials using microscopic traffic flow models and data from loops (individual vehicle passages and thus vehicle counts); traffic control data; and (sparse) travel time measurements from whatever source available. The key problem we address is that loops suffer from miss- and over-counts, which result in unbounded errors in vehicle accumulations, rendering trajectory reconstruction highly problematic. Our framework solves this problem in two ways. First, we correct the systematic error in vehicle accumulation by fusing the counts with sparsely available travel times. Second, the proposed framework uses particle filtering and an innovative hierarchical resampling scheme, which effectively integrates over the remaining error distribution, resulting in plausible trajectories. The proposed data assimilation framework is tested and validated using simulated data. Experiments and an extensive sensitivity analysis show that the proposed method is robust to errors both in the model and in the measurements, and provides good estimations for vehicle accumulation and vehicle trajectories with moderate sensor quality. The framework does not impose restrictions on the type of microscopic models used and can be naturally extended to include and estimate additional trajectory attributes such as destination and path, given data are available for assimilation.     

面向智能车辆的现役道路设施行驶适应性研究综述

为了总结面向智能车辆的现役道路设施行驶适应性，即现役道路基础设施承载智能车辆行驶的适宜程度，阐述自主智能驾驶定义与驾驶自动化等级分类，在此基础上剖析不同等级间的人机功能差异，并分别从感知层、感知-决策层、决策-控制层探讨与道路设计要素相关联的人机功能差异，通过归纳总结智能车辆与道路几何要素、路面性能及其他道路要素(如道路标线)的相互作用机制研究，从道路工程角度及其他道路要素方面回顾该领域的研究现状，指出存在的问题和未来发展方向。研究结果表明：相比传统车辆，配置高等级自动驾驶系统的智能车辆对现役道路设施行驶适应性最高，主动安全系统次之，而驾驶辅助及有条件自动驾驶系统适应性不足。而目前研究主要问题包括：难以归纳、标定不同驾驶自动化等级间的人机功能差异及其对于道路设计参数的需求设计值；测试道路场景条件过于理想，考虑的驾驶自动化等级单一，试验规模和样本有限；道路几何、路面性能以及道路标志、标线等道路要素与智能车辆间的相互作用机制研究不足，缺乏与不同道路场景相匹配的智能车辆驾驶特征数据的获取手段。因此建议：重视并推动与道路设计要素相关联的关键人机功能差异指标信息共享；联合高保真且可交互的道路场景、高精度感知传感器物理模型、车辆动力学模型及微观交通流模型，利用测试场景自动化生成、极限工况场景搜寻与泛化等技术开展智能驾驶虚拟测试，突破现有研究的深度和广度；探索反映不同等级智能车辆的道路行驶适应性特征指标与评价标准，精准、有效地评估预测复杂道路场景及不利道路条件下的行驶适应性。     

一种商用车铅酸蓄电池状态监控系统的开发

本文介绍一种商用车铅酸蓄电池状态监控系统的开发,系统实现蓄电池传感器实时采集蓄电池状态参数信息,并通过TBOX将数据上传至后台服务器,进行数据存储分析及报警判断,并将亏电报警信息推送给手机客户端,提醒用户注意。同时,系统根据蓄电池SOC值的限值判断,进行电磁开关的切断控制,以保证车辆的正常起动。     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

低温独立液舱曲面外板加工减薄量评估

基于耐低温合金材料的非线性特性,以某液化气船的低温独立液舱曲面外板加工成形过程为研究对象,研究其塑形变形过程及机理。利用ABAQUS作为计算分析工具,建立了板材原料及上、下加工模具的分析模型,给定冲压成形的时间和初始速度,并设定时间步长,考察每个时间步长的计算结果,分析了其加工过程中的弹塑性变形过程,评估了低温合金材料在加工过程中的板厚变化情况,并与实际加工测量值进行对比,验证了模型和计算分析过程的准确性。为各类低温独立液舱的设计和材料尺寸选用提供了技术支持和指导。     

自动液位监控系统的设计

结合工业生产和生活中的实际问题,以STC89C52单片机为核心,通过外围硬件电路达到液位监控的目的.该系统主要是实时监测液位变化并进行显示输出.此外,系统在液位不满足要求的情况下,实现自动注水或放水,保证系统的水位在规定的范围内.本设计的液位显示通过LCD1602实现,液位测量部分使用了超声波测距模块,分辨率高,且为非接触式测量,抗干扰能力强.而对于液位的控制部分主要通过C语言编程来实现,同时增加了液位报警功能.