桥梁健康监测及传感器的优化布置

为了避免或减小桥梁在运营期间由于各种原因出现损伤破坏,必须对桥梁结构采取有效的监测。本文对桥梁工程健康监测的必要性进行了阐述,并介绍了目前桥梁健康监测的发展和研究现状,重点讨论了传感器优化布置的研究,还引用了部分实例进行说明,最后指出了还需进一步研究的问题。     

长江中下游设计最低通航水位变化分析

用综合历时曲线法,利用1981—2002年水文资料,计算了长江中下游部分水文站不同保证率时的设计水位,结合影响枯水位变化的因素,比较分析了保证率为98%的设计水位计算结果与上世纪70年代和80年代计算值的差别及其变化过程。结果表明,长江中下游河床形态、水流条件发生了较大变化,设计水位也随之有一定幅度的升降。     

汽车发动机用传感器的测试

发动机用传感器的测试是进行发动机诊断的基础，故有必要对发动机用传感器输出信号的性质及特征加以探讨，本文就进行了这一方面的工作，并成功地设计了传感器的测试电路。     

高速列车动模型速度测试系统

介绍一种利用反射式光纤光电传感器和MCS-51单片机精确测量高速列车动模型实验速度的测速装置.详细叙述从传感器输入的信号处理以及用8031单片机的两个定时器对高速列车动模型实验速度进行精确测量的软硬件方法;在实际应用中是可行的.另外,从理论上对影响测量精度的因素和测量的结果进行了分析.     

Integrated model for traffic flow forecasting under rainy conditions

Inclement weather, such as heavy rain, significantly affects road traffic flow operation, which may cause severe congestion in road networks in cities. This study investigates the effect of inclement weather, such as rain events, on traffic flow and proposes an integrated model for traffic flow parameter forecasting during such events. First, an analysis of historical observation data indicates that the forecasting error of traffic flow volume has a significant linear correlation with mean precipitation, and thus, forecasting accuracy can be considerably improved by applying this linear correlation to correct forecasting values. An integrated online precipitation‐correction model was proposed for traffic flow volume forecasting based on these findings. We preprocessed precipitation data transformation and used outlier detection techniques to improve the efficiency of the model. Finally, an integrated forecasting model was designed through data fusion methods based on the four basic forecasting models and the proposed online precipitation‐correction model. Results of the model validation with the field data set show that the designed model is better than the other models in terms of overall accuracy throughout the day and under precipitation. However, the designed model is not always ideal under heavy rain conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel approach for assessing the LOS for two‐lane intercity highways under heterogeneous traffic conditions

Performance of two‐lane intercity highways has been evaluated in terms of level of service (LOS) by different researchers. Different follower‐related performance measures, namely, the number of followers (NF), percent followers (PF), follower density (FD) and the number of followers as a proportion of capacity (NFPC) are examined in the present study to define LOS. Data are collected from five sites located in different parts of India. While almost all the past studies used 3‐s headway rule to identify followers suggested by US Highway Capacity Manual, a new methodology is proposed in the current study to identify the followers by analysing speed difference (SD) and the gap between two consecutive vehicles. It is observed that vehicles travel in non‐following condition after a critical gap threshold value of 10 s. By using a SD limit of ?4 km/h to +10 km/h and a gap value of 10 s, followers are identified across all the study sites. Thereafter, different critical gap values ranging from 1.9 s to 4.3 s are observed at the study sites beyond which the probability of not following would increase. Variation in two‐way traffic volume is found to be the main contributory factor which affects the critical gap values. Among all of the performance measures, NFPC shows a strong correlation with two‐way traffic volume followed by FD under heterogeneous traffic condition. Finally, different threshold values of LOS ranges for two‐lane intercity highways are provided by carrying out cluster analysis with the help of NFPC and FD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液态CO_2输送管道弯管处冲刷腐蚀数值模拟

由于沿程阻力和外界环境的变化,液态CO_2管道内的CO_2会发生相态转变,含有杂质水的液态CO_2夹带的气态CO_2会对管道弯管处产生冲刷腐蚀。为了描述管道内部的冲刷腐蚀规律,利用ANSYS CFX软件对90°弯管的冲蚀现象进行数值模拟。模拟结果表明:冲蚀速率在弯管段60°~80°之间取得最大值;入口处流体速度由4 m/s增加到12 m/s,管壁的冲蚀速率由3.92×10-6kg/(m2·s)增加到3.47×10-5kg/(m2·s);随着弯管曲率半径增加,最大冲蚀速率产生位置发生前移。研究结果可为长距离液态CO_2管道铺设提供参考。     

Rail-road crossing impacts: an international synthesis

Rail-road crossings generate a range of transport, economic, social and environmental impacts. While much research has focused on selected impacts such as safety, little consideration has been given to wider impacts. The aim of this research was to therefore develop a holistic understanding of the impacts of rail-road crossings (both at-grade and grade-separated) and to identify key gaps in knowledge in this field. An international synthesis of rail-road crossing impacts was developed through a detailed literature review, which revealed a total of 18 different types of impacts associated with rail-road crossings. The review found that most research to date has focused on quantifying transport and economic impacts, particularly safety and road vehicle delay, with little consideration given to social and environmental impacts. A number of research gaps have been identified which provide a clear agenda for future research. These gaps include the use of empirical evidence to support impact assessments, and the need to better understand the impacts of grade-separating rail-road crossings in terms of safety, travel time variability, land use, traffic flow, rail vehicle delay, disability access, and crime.     

接触网和接触轨两种供电方式下地铁线路耐雷击水平分析与比较

架空接触网供电和接触轨供电是地铁线路常见的两种供电方式。运用CDEGS软件建立了接触网线路和接触轨线路模型,仿真分析两种方式下雷击位置及高架桥高度对耐雷击水平的影响,以及接触轨供电方式下避雷带架设高度对耐雷击水平的影响;比较了两种供电方式下的耐雷击水平差异并解释了原因。结果表明,两种供电方式下,雷击点距接地点越远,耐雷击水平越低;高架桥越高,耐雷水平越低。接触轨供电方式下,避雷带越高,耐雷击水平越高。接触轨供电方式下的耐雷击水平较接触网供电方式高得多。