锂盐对双相障碍患者甲状腺功能的影响

目的研究锂盐对双相障碍患者甲状腺功能的影响。方法131例双相障碍患者分为非锂盐组(78例,未用过碳酸锂),锂盐组(53例,用过碳酸锂)。观察两组患者血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)的变化。结果非锂盐组甲状腺功能减退率明显低于锂盐组(躁狂:6.3%vs.28.0%,P<0.05;双相抑郁:10.8%vs.32.1%,P<0.05)。非锂盐组中躁狂患者长病程(>60个月)与甲状腺功能减退有明显的相关性;躁狂患者血清TSH与病程呈正相关;双相抑郁患者T4水平降低与发作次数有关。锂盐组躁狂患者严重程度和发作次数与甲状腺功能减退有明显的相关性;双相抑郁患者T3水平降低与性别有关,TSH水平升高与长病程有关。结论双相障碍患者非锂盐组及锂盐组的双相障碍患者在流行病学及甲状腺功能减退方面有明显的差异。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者氧自由基代谢状态的研究

测定了不同病期多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者内源性抗氧化酶—红细胞超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，血浆铜锌SOD（CuZn－SOD）、锰SOD（Mn－SOD）及总SOD（T-SOD）活性，血清铜、锌、锰、硒含量及血浆脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量。结果表明非缓解期MM患者红细胞3种抗氧化酶活性明显降低，血浆T－SOD、CuZn－SOD及Mn-SOD活性显著升高，血清锌、锰、硒含量降低，铜含量增高，血浆LPO含量明显增高。提示患者体内氧自由基含量增多，代谢增强，抗氧化能力明显减弱，且与疾病的发展及严重程度有关。     

船用锂离子电池成组技术综述

锂离子电池在电动车船等领域有着广阔的前景,随着动力需求增大,成组使用是锂离子电池使用的大势所趋。然而锂电池大规模成组使用时,安全性问题制约了锂离子电池在上述领域的广泛应用。本文简介了国外船用锂离子电池系统最新技术,提出将系统级安全问题化解至单元可控级以及完善热失控烟气处理系统技术的建议,为后续研究提供参考。     

铝氧化银鱼雷电池段的温度控制

铝氧化银电池是目前应用于鱼雷的重要动力电池,其反应温度关系到鱼雷能否稳定航行,通过电池壳体内外对流换热可控制反应温度。分析了电池流道电解液循环速度、壳体材质对换热的影响。研究表明,可通过降低流道高度进而提高流道内电解液速度、更换导热性良好的壳体材料以增大散热功率,保证散热安全裕量。     

基于SOC自适应分阶的动力锂电池两步优化快速充电策略

快速高效的充电方式对于推动汽车电动化,加快以石油为主导的传统交通能源向绿色低碳能源转型,实现中国"双碳战略"的目标具有重要意义。针对充电时间和充电损失的平衡优化问题,提出了一种基于SOC自适应分阶的两步优化多阶恒流充电策略。为实现充电过程的优化分阶,利用改进的二分K-means算法对基于内阻曲线的采样点集进行聚类,实现了充电区间关于内阻变化和分布特征的自适应划分。基于分阶优化结果,采用改进的非支配排序哈里斯鹰优化算法(INSHHO)求解优化电流对应帕累托前沿。利用Logistic混沌初始化及自适应t分布突变算子对哈里斯鹰模型(HHO)进行改进,进一步提升算法的全局寻优能力。最后通过充电对比试验,将优化多阶恒流充电策略与恒流恒压策略(CC-CV)和均分多阶恒流充电策略在不同充电时间条件下进行充电性能对比。结果表明:在充电时间保持一致的条件下,提出的优化多阶恒流充电策略较恒流恒压策略和均分多阶恒流充电策略的充电欧姆损失最大分别减少1.03%和0.3%;在温升表现上,优化多阶恒流充电策略较均分多阶恒流充电策略的充电温升最多降低了0.82℃。     

Probabilistic assessment of aviation CO2 emission targets

Passenger demand for air transportation is expected to continue growing into the future. The increase in operations will undoubtedly lead to an escalation in harmful carbon dioxide emissions, an adverse effect that governing bodies have been striving to mitigate. The International Air Transport Association has set aggressive environmental targets for the global aviation industry. This paper investigates the achievability of those targets in the US using a top-down partial equilibrium model of the aviation system complemented with a previously developed fleet turnover procedure. Three ‘enablers’ are considered: aircraft technologies, operational improvements and sustainable biofuels. To account for sources of uncertainty, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to run a multitude of scenarios. It was found that the likelihood of meeting all targets is extremely low (0.3%) for the expected demand growth rates in the US. Results show that biofuels have the most impact on system CO₂ emissions, responsible for an average 64% of the total savings by 2050 (with aircraft technologies and operational improvements responsible for 31% and 5%, respectively). However, this impact is associated with high uncertainty and very dependent on both biofuel type and availability.     

The impact of road grade on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of a passenger vehicle in real-world driving

To accurately estimate real-world vehicle emission at 1 Hz the road grade for each second of data must be quantified. Failure to incorporate road grade can result in over or underestimation of a vehicle’s power output and hence cause inaccuracy in the instantaneous emission estimate. This study proposes a simple LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) – GIS (Geographic Information System) road grade estimation methodology, using GIS software to interpolate the elevation for each second of data from a Digital Terrain Map (DTM). On-road carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from a passenger car were recorded by Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) over 48 test laps through an urban-traffic network. The test lap was divided into 8 sections for micro-scale analysis. The PHEM instantaneous emission model (Hausberger, 2003) was employed to estimate the total CO₂ emission through each lap and section. The addition of the LiDAR-GIS road grade to the PHEM modelling improved the accuracy of the CO₂ emission predictions. The average PHEM estimate (with road grade) of the PEMS measured section total CO₂ emission (n = 288) was 93%, with 90% of the PHEM estimates between 80% and 110% of the PEMS recorded value. The research suggests that instantaneous emission modelling with LiDAR-GIS calculated road grade is a viable method for generating accurate real-world micro-scale CO₂ emission estimates. The sensitivity of the CO₂ emission predictions to road grade was also tested by lessening and exaggerating the gradient profiles, and demonstrates that assuming a flat profile could cause considerable error in real-world CO₂ emission estimation.     

锂离子电池测试系统的设计与实现

针对锂离子电池的试验、特性测试和评估要求,设计了锂离子电池测试系统。本文介绍了锂离子电池包的组成、结构;介绍了锂离子电池测试系统的功能和结构组成,详细叙述了锂离子电池测试系统的硬件设计、通信设计、软件设计及实现。     

换电式纯电动客车CAN网络方案设计

结合某款换电式纯电动客车的研发与应用,介绍一种换电式纯电动客车三级CAN网络架构,以及合理的纯电动系统CAN总线管理方案。