潜艇用铅酸蓄电池综述

本文简要介绍了潜艇用铅酸蓄电池现状。指出了潜艇用铅酸蓄电池存在的问题,针对铅酸蓄电池的发展状况,展望了潜艇用铅酸蓄电池的发展方向。     

方形锂离子电池热失控情况下的热管理研究

为了研究某种方形锂离子电池中单个电芯发生热失控事故时电池的整体性能,本文利用ANSYS软件进行热仿真分析,同时通过实验对电池中单个电芯进行过充强制其发生热失控分析热失控。模拟过程中根据电池箱中电芯和冷却装置的结构特性对电池三维模型进行简化,通过设置均匀热流密度内热源来模拟电池发热过程。热失控实验时对单个电芯进行强制性的过充使电芯发生热失控至电芯过压保护。结合模拟仿真和热失控实验中电池系统的温度分布情况,模拟结果和实验结果十分接近从而验证了仿真模型的准确性。根据热失控仿真结果中的电池系统温度分布云图,该型电池的冷却装置能够保证在单个电芯发生热失控的情况下整个电池的安全性。     

CO2电催化还原的研究

以混合的金属氧化物RuO_2、TiO_2、Ag_2O和SnO_2对钛表面进行了修饰,得到了四个不同氧化物组成的钛电极,即RuO_2 TiO_2/Ti(35:65,A)、RuO_2 TiO_2/Ti(25:75,B)、RuO_2 TiO_2 Ag_2O/Ti(C)和RuO_2 TiO_2 SnO2/Ti(D),采用循环伏安法研究了其常温常压下在0.1mol/L的KHCO3水溶液中的电化学行为,在-900mV的恒定电位下进行了CO2的还原,分析了电极的稳定性和还原产物的情况。结果表明,金属氧化物电极对CO2还原产生了很好的催化作用,-900mV下对甲酸和甲醇有高的选择性,还原的液相产物中仅发现了甲酸和甲醇,电极A、B、C和D上生成甲酸和甲醇的总电流效率分别为84.4%、57.4%、93.1%和88.1%,且长时间电解过程中电极具有很好的稳定性,是有很好应用前景的催化电极材料。     

Atmospheric CO2 measurements and error analysis on seasonal air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Bay of Biscay

Atmospheric molar fraction of CO₂ (xCO₂^atm) measurements obtained on board of ships of opportunity are used to parameterize the seasonal cycle of atmospheric xCO₂ (xCO₂^atm) in three regions of the eastern North Atlantic (Galician and French offshore and Bay of Biscay). Three selection criteria are established to eliminate spurious values and identify xCO₂^atm data representative of atmospheric background values. The filtered data set is fitted to seasonal curve, consisting of an annual trend plus a seasonal cycle. Although the fitted curves are consistent with the seasonal evolution of xCO₂^atm data series from land meteorological stations, only ship-board measurements can report the presence of winter xCO₂^atm minimum on Bay of Biscay. Weekly air–sea CO₂ flux differences (mmol C·m^− 2 day^− 1) produced by the several options of xCO₂^atm usually used (ship-board measurements, data from land meteorological stations and annually averaged values) were calculated in Bay of Biscay throughout 2003. Flux error using fitted seasonal curve relative to on board measurements was minimal, whereas land stations and annual means yielded random (− 0.2 ± 0.3 mmol C·m^− 2·day^− 1) and systematic (− 0.1 ± 0.4 mmol C·m^− 2 day^− 1), respectively. The effect of different available sources of sea level pressure, wind speed and transfer velocity were also evaluated. Wind speed and transfer velocity parameters are found as the most critical choice in the estimate of CO₂ fluxes reaching a flux uncertainty of 7 mmol C·m^− 2·day^− 1 during springtime. The atmospheric pressure shows a notable relative effect during summertime although its influence is quantitatively slight on annual scale (0.3 ± 0.2 mmol C·m^− 2·day^− 1). All results confirms the role of the Bay of Biscay as CO₂ sink for the 2003 with an annual mean CO₂ flux around − 5 ± 5 mmol C m^− 2 day^− 1.     

克山病病区和低硒非病区居民发铜、锌、锰、铁含量的对比研究

用原子吸收光谱法对比测定了克山病病区（陕西彬县和云南牟定）、非病区（陕西礼泉）和低硒非病区（四川南部）健康人发铜、锌、锰、铁含量。发现：①与非病区相比，两病区儿童和成人发铜，两病区儿童和彬县成人发锰和发锌无差异；但牟定成人发锌低，而发锰高；②与低硒非病区相比，彬县成人发铜低，儿童发锌高；牟定儿童发铜高，成人发锌低；两病区成人发锰高；③病区儿童和成人发铁不仅高于礼泉，也高于南部，提示病区低硒人体铁水平与克山病发病的关系值得进一步探讨。     

锰对接触男工神经内分泌系统影响的初探

探讨了锰对接触男工健康状况、血清LH、FSH及血浆睾酮水平的影响。发现生产环境空气中MnO_2浓度几何均值为0.24mg/m~3(0.03～2.97mg/m~3),接锰组睡眠障碍、容易激动、心悸、多汗、性欲减退等主诉率明显高于对照组(P<0.05～0.01),血浆睾酮平均水平则明显低于对照组(P<0.05),提示这可能是锰的早期毒作用所致。     

俄罗斯新一代客车蓄电池

介绍俄罗斯自行开发和成批生产的用于各型客车、寿命可达10年～12年的新一代镍镉蓄电池的性能。提出不仅要在所有新造客车上装用,而且更要抓紧在全部运用客车上尽快换装这种新型蓄电池。     

Air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Caribbean Sea from 2002–2004

Air–sea fluxes in the Caribbean Sea are presented based on measurements of partial pressure of CO₂ in surface seawater, pCO_2sw, from an automated system onboard the cruise ship Explorer of the Seas for 2002 through 2004. The pCO_2sw values are used to develop algorithms of pCO_2sw based on sea surface temperature (SST) and position. The algorithms are applied to assimilated SST data and remotely sensed winds on a 1° by 1° grid to estimate the fluxes on weekly timescales in the region. The positive relationship between pCO_2sw and SST is lower than the isochemical trend suggesting counteracting effects from biological processes. The relationship varies systematically with location with a stronger dependence further south. Furthermore, the southern area shows significantly lower pCO_2sw in the fall compared to the spring at the same SST, which is attributed to differences in salinity. The annual algorithms for the entire region show a slight trend between 2002 and 2004 suggesting an increase of pCO_2sw over time. This is in accord with the increasing pCO_2sw due the invasion of anthropogenic CO₂. The annual fluxes of CO₂ yield a net invasion of CO₂ to the ocean that ranges from − 0.04 to − 1.2 mol m^− 2 year^− 1 over the 3 years. There is a seasonal reversal in the direction of the flux with CO₂ entering into the ocean during the winter and an evasion during the summer. Year-to-year differences in flux are primarily caused by temperature anomalies in the late winter and spring period resulting in changes in invasion during these seasons. An analysis of pCO_2sw before and after hurricane Frances (September 4–6, 2004), and wind records during the storm suggest a large local enhancement of the flux but minimal influence on annual fluxes in the region.     

锰的肝脏毒性

动物实验表明 ,锰能致肝损害 ,引起胆汁郁积、肝组织生化改变及细胞坏死。其毒性机制主要为细胞器损害和胆汁郁积性损害。然而 ,肝 MFO、脂质过氧化在锰的肝损害过程中作用如何尚未清楚 ,职业人群的锰肝脏毒性报道也极少 ,有待深入研究     

D·Mn13销、套在电力机车上的应用

阐述了锻制高锰钢D·Mn13的高强度、高韧性、高耐磨性等优良特性,并介绍了D·Mn13销、套在电力机车上的应用。