Nonlinear dynamics of ship capsizing due to broaching in following and quartering seas

To provide a theoretical methodology to predict the critical condition for capsizing due to broaching, a nonlinear dynamical system approach was applied to the surge–sway–yaw–roll motion of a ship running with an autopilot in following and quartering seas. Fixed points of a mathematical model for the ship motion and unstable manifolds of the fixed point near the wave crest were systematically investigated. As a result, the existence of heteroclinic bifurcation was identified. With numerical experiments, it was confirmed that this heteroclinic bifurcation reasonably well represents the critical condition for capsizing due to broaching. Thus the nonlinear dynamical approach can be substituted for tedious numerical experiments. Received for publication on Nov. 20, 1998; accepted on March 16, 1999     

湘潭市湘江四桥系杆锚固区局部应力分析

针对湘潭市湘江四大桥主跨结构为(120 400 120)m的斜拉钢管混凝土系杆拱桥,该桥系杆锚固于混凝土边主梁上,系杆锚固区受力状态复杂的情况,基于有限元分析,发现设计结构存在局部拉应力过大的现象,为了解决该问题,对系杆锚固区的结构设计进行修改及进一步力学分析,提出减小锚固槽壁及支座对锚下变形约束的结构设计思路和具体措施,以实现减小局部应力的目的。所得结论和建议可供同类结构设计参考。     

Sampling of alternatives for route choice modeling

This paper presents a new paradigm for choice set generation in the context of route choice model estimation. We assume that the choice sets contain all paths connecting each origin–destination pair. Although this is behaviorally questionable, we make this assumption in order to avoid bias in the econometric model. These sets are in general impossible to generate explicitly. Therefore, we propose an importance sampling approach to generate subsets of paths suitable for model estimation. Using only a subset of alternatives requires the path utilities to be corrected according to the sampling protocol in order to obtain unbiased parameter estimates. We derive such a sampling correction for the proposed algorithm.Estimating models based on samples of alternatives is straightforward for some types of models, in particular the multinomial logit (MNL) model. In order to apply MNL for route choice, the utilities should also be corrected to account for the correlation using, for instance, a path size (PS) formulation. We argue that the PS attribute should be computed based on the full choice set. Again, this is not feasible in general, and we propose a new version of the PS attribute derived from the sampling protocol, called Expanded PS.Numerical results based on synthetic data show that models including a sampling correction are remarkably better than the ones that do not. Moreover, the Expanded PS shows good results and outperforms models with the original PS formulation.     

Some remarks on the TKIP key mixing function of IEEE 802.11i

Temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP) is a sub-protocol of IEEE 802.11i. TKIP remedies some security flaws in wired equivalent privacy (WEP) protocol. TKIP adds four new algorithms to WEP: a message integrity code (MIC) called Michael, an initialization vector (IV) sequencing discipline, a key mixing function and a re-keying mechanism. The key mixing function, also called temporal key hash, de-correlates the IVs from weak keys. Some cryptographic properties of the substitution box (S-box) used in the key mixing function are investigated in this paper, such as regularity, avalanche effect, differ uniform and linear structure. Moen et al pointed out that there existed a temporal key recovery attack in TKIP key mixing function. In this paper a method is proposed to defend against the attack, and the resulting effect on performance is discussed.     

A study on the degree of barrier coverage in wireless sensor networks

Recently, the barrier coverage was proposed and received much attention in wireless sensor network (WSN), and the degree of the barrier coverage, one of the critical parameters of WSN, must be re-studied due to the difference between the barrier coverage and blanket coverage. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, namely,local tree based no-way and back (LTNWB) algorithm and sensor minimum cut sets (SMCS) algorithm, for the opened and closed belt regions to determine the degree of the barrier coverage of WSN. Our main objective is to minimize the complexity of these algorithms. For the opened belt region, both algorithms work well, and for the closed belt region, they will still come into existence while some restricted conditions are taken into consideration.Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithms.     

不完备目标信息系统中的可变精度粗糙集模型

文中以同时具有缺席型和遗漏型未知属性值的不完备目标信息系统为研究对象,根据特征关系,研究可变精度粗糙集的模型及其性质．可变精度粗糙集模型与原始的粗糙集模型不同,它是建立在集合多数包含的基础上的,因而该模型是基于特征关系的经典粗糙集模型的推广形式,而基于特征关系的经典粗糙集模型则是可变精度粗糙集模型的一种特殊表现形式．文中对新模型的主要性质作了阐述和证明,结果表明：在不完备目标信息系统中,新模型与原始的粗糙集模型相比具有更高的近似精度,可进行更为精确的度量．     

高速铁路客运专线砂浆车供电可靠性分析

针对砂浆车经常发生电气故障的问题,对其供电系统中柴油发电机组的选择、配电系统及接地系统等几方面进行了详细分析,重点分析了影响供电可靠性的因素,提出了提高砂浆车供电可靠性的措施及方法,为砂浆车的设计开发及使用维护提供了参考依据。     

基于局部线性化方法的瘫船稳性敏感性分析及衡准完善

  目的  瘫船稳性是当船舶失去动力后,在横风横浪状态下发生共振横摇甚至倾覆的运动模式,是公认的较危险的稳性失效模式。国际海事组织（IMO）船舶设计与建造分委会（SDC）预计将于2019年完成第2代完整稳性衡准规则定稿,目前亟需大量的样船计算以完善规则。  方法  基于局部线性化方法,对3艘集装箱船进行了瘫船稳性第2层衡准校核计算,并分析了瘫船稳性敏感性与船舶各设计参数的关系。  结果  分析结果表明,随着船舶吃水深度的增大,船舶倾覆概率将先增大后减小,并对第2层衡准的标准值选取及衡准完善提出了建议。  结论  可为瘫船稳性衡准研究提供技术支持。     

汽油机活塞组—气缸套整体耦合传热模型及应用

采用直接耦合的有限元分析方法对一汽油机的活塞组—气缸套系统的瞬态传热过程进行了研究。通过将润滑油膜假设为一维热阻,建立了活塞组—气缸套整体耦合系统的三维传热模型,应用所开发的三维流体动压润滑分析程序对活塞环组沿周向瞬时变化的油膜厚度进行了计算与分析。以LJ377MV汽油机活塞组—气缸套零部件为对象进行了应用研究,获得了更为清晰的多部件间的相互传热关系。