基于局部连通性的在途动态路径诱导方法

驾车购物已经成为现代城市居民常见的生活出行方式,而驾车购物出行量的不断 增长也引发了严重的道路交通供需矛盾,加重了城市交通拥堵程度.为更好地满足居民驾车购 物出行的实际需要,出行路径诱导已成为一种优先选择,但目前大多数路径诱导方法运用固 定的最优路径搜索算法来规划行驶路线,不能完全自适应交通流的变化,并没有考虑到购物 出行特点.本文提出一种在途动态路径诱导方法,分析实时交通信息对路网连通性的动态影 响,在途中对诱导路径进行局部范围的重新搜索,并及时将更新结果反馈给在途车辆.实验结 果表明,与其他动态路径诱导方法相比,该方法计算量减少了56%以上,具有更强的实时性和 有效性,并具有开放性结构,能够根据需求替换不同路径搜索算法.     

城市轨道交通快慢车开行方案双层规划模型

针对城市轨道交通客流时空分布不均衡特征和乘客长距离出行时效需求,并考虑乘客的换乘行为,提出基于双层规划模型的快慢车开行方案优化方法.上层模型以乘客出行时间和列车周转时间最小为目标,考虑快慢车开行比例、线路通过能力等主要约束,构建多交路条件下的快慢车开行方案优化模型;下层模型通过设计换乘网络刻画乘客换乘行为,构建快慢车方案下的客流分配模型.设计粒子群算法求解所建双层规划模型,以广州地铁14号线为案例,验证本文构建模型的有效性和适用性.     

考虑支路路段双向流量相互影响的交通网络均衡分析

为了解决含双向不分道行驶的狭窄支路路段交通网络配流问题,提出基于路段宽度、单车道通行能力、双向流量比例等因素的支路路段通行能力近似公式;通过扩展支路路段费用的表达形式,建立了分析支路路段双向车流相互作用的交通网络均衡模型.鉴于支路路段费用函数不是关于方向流量的凸函数,采用最短路径上全有全无分配并结合相继平均法设计了模型的求解算法.结果表明:该近似公式与模拟结果基本吻合;含双向不分车道行驶支路路段的交通网络均衡模型与算法,有效地推广了常规配流方法,可用于解决实际工程问题.     

Examining stakeholder participation and conflicts associated with large scale infrastructure projects: the case of Tema port expansion project,Ghana

ABSTRACT

Balancing economic activities with socio-environmental considerations has become a global standard for the construction of large scale infrastructure projects, including ports. In this discourse, stakeholder participation and environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) have been stressed as important tools that can help port managers to co-create values, avoid conflicts and promote inclusive growth. Drawing on qualitative research tools and stakeholder theory, this paper explores whether and to what extent local stakeholders’ inclusion has substantial influence on addressing their socio-cultural concerns and interest. This is illustrated with a case study of an ongoing port expansion project at Ghana’s largest port of Tema. The findings suggest that although the port authority conducted an ESIA and engaged local stakeholders as part of the planning process, this did not translate into preventing the loss of valuable cultural resources of the local communities. The port authority did not place ‘value’ on cultural resources of the local communities that cannot be expressed in monetary terms. Further, lack of good faith engagement with local stakeholders led to conflicts in some cases that triggered a court action and delays. The paper concludes that stakeholder participation if not applied well, can become a ‘post-political’ tool.     

Orthogonal discriminant improved local tangent space alignment based feature fusion for face recognition

Improved local tangent space alignment (ILTSA) is a recent nonlinear dimensionality reduction method which can efficiently recover the geometrical structure of sparse or non-uniformly distributed data manifold. In this paper, based on combination of modified maximum margin criterion and ILTSA, a novel feature extraction method named orthogonal discriminant improved local tangent space alignment (ODILTSA) is proposed. ODILTSA can preserve local geometry structure and maximize the margin between different classes simultaneously. Based on ODILTSA, a novel face recognition method which combines augmented complex wavelet features and original image features is developed. Experimental results on Yale, AR and PIE face databases demonstrate the effectiveness of ODILTSA and the feature fusion method.     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于二维高斯样条函数的水下重力被动定位

目前利用水下地理信息对惯导误差进行校正多以各类匹配算法为核心,对此论文提出一种基于二维高斯样条函数的水下重力被动定位新模式.文章首先介绍了一种利用二维高斯样条函数逼近的连续局部重力场模型,随后在该模型的基础上将实测重力表示为连续的解析形式,最后以实测重力作为包含目标位置信息的量测值,并结合扩展卡尔曼滤波算法对目标位置进行最优估计.这种方法无需使用常用的匹配算法,因而也就摆脱了匹配算法的诸多限制.以分辨率为2＆#39;＆#215;2＆#39;的某区域重力异常数据为背景场进行仿真,最终的仿真结果表明：经高斯样条函数逼近的局部重力场模型平均误差小于0.19mGal,水下平均经、纬定位误差分别小于0.59和0.74海里.     

流函数法在 UUV 航路规划中的应用及改进

UUV相关技术的发展越来越多地受到广泛重视,其航路规划算法研究日益成为相关研究领域的重要课题。论文介绍了一种起源于流体力学的算法———流函数法,可有效应用于UUV的局部航路规划。针对UUV在实际应用中由于自身机动性、探测性能约束而产生的问题,提出了改进流函数法,能够更有效地规划航路。     

考虑柔性的调距桨机构动力学仿真分析

基于虚拟样机技术,考虑调距桨关键部件的柔性作用,建立了刚柔混合模型,研究了调距桨机构系统在正车方向调距过程中的运动学和动力学特性。编制调距程序,对比了全刚体模型和混合模型下调距桨装置调距过程所需要的油压,为调距桨机构系统的设计和试验研究提供了参考数据,提高了调距桨机构的运动学和动力学特性研究效率,并为实体样机的采样控制等研究工作提供了参考依据。     

改善209000吨Newcastlemax散货船总纵强度的探究

通过对209,000吨Newcastlemax散货船货舱纵向划分、下墩用途及压载舱舱容的调整,探讨了各种措施下该船型总纵弯矩的变化情况,以此来改善其总纵强度,为优化船体结构、降低空船重量提供了有利条件。