明挖地铁车站主体结构最不利设计水位分析

我国华南、华东、华中地区及沿海城市地下水丰富,地下水压力是影响地铁车站主体结构受力的重要因素,随着水头高度的变化结构受力会随之发生改变。为了研究不同的水位对车站主体结构受力的影响,结合众多地下水丰富的地铁工程实例,选取多种水位进行数值模拟计算,结果表明:影响顶板、中板、底板及侧墙的最不利水位并不是统一的水位。为了方便设计,通过将众多正常使用中的地铁车站结构受力情况对比分析,认为:选取工程场地内最高水位进行车站结构受力计算,然后对部分构件配筋面积进行调整,能够满足车站结构安全的要求。     

A lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling

This paper presents a lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling. An appropriate driver model can be used to evaluate the performance of vehicle chassis control systems via computer simulations before vehicle tests which incurs expenses especially at the limits of handling. The driver model consists of two parts. The first part is an upper-level controller employing force-based approach to reduce the number of unknown vehicle parameters. The feedforward part of the upper controller has been designed by using the centre of percussion. The feedback part aims to minimise ‘tangential error’, defined as the sum of body slip angle and yaw error, to match vehicle direction and road heading angle. The part is designed to regenerate an appropriate skid motion similar to that of a professional driver at the limits. The second part is a lower-level controller which converts the desired front lateral force to steering wheel angle. The lower-level controller also consists of feedforward and feedback parts. A two-degree-of-freedom bicycle model-based feedforward part provides nominal steering wheel angle, and the feedback part aims to eliminate unmodelled error. The performance of the lateral driver model has been investigated via computer simulations. It has been shown that the steering behaviours of the proposed driver model are quite close to those of a professional driver at the limits. Compared with the previously developed lateral driver models, the proposed lateral driver model shows good tracking performance at the limits of handling.     

On model-based longitudinal feed-forward motion control for low velocities on known road profiles

ABSTRACT

So far, longitudinal motion control has focused on situations like highway driving, where disturbances of the road profile can be neglected. In this paper, we show how the Two Point Tire Model can be used to derive a novel feed-forward control law for a vehicle's longitudinal motion that considers the effects of the road profile and can complement existing control approaches. For this purpose, we recapitulate the basic model assumptions and equations and briefly discuss how it can be used on arbitrary road profiles. Two approaches for implementation in a real vehicle are presented. Comparisons of these approaches in simulation and to a human driver of an experimental vehicle show that the controller can deal with stepped obstacles of up to 14?cm in height. However, the control performance is essentially limited by the actuator delay and human drivers outperform the controller due to their ability of sensing subtle vehicle motions. The results indicate that the control performance can be further improved by using a preview on the necessary drive torque, which can be provided by the solution that we propose.     

一种控制硬点受力状态的悬架可靠性试验方法研究

在悬架可靠性试验中,通过在其硬点位置安装力传感器,有效控制悬架硬点受力情况,使得悬架系统在台架试验中的受力状态更加真实和全面。该方法对于尚无白车身作为约束系统的悬架可靠性试验尤为有效。     

异形空间桥塔半飘浮体系斜拉桥结构性能分析

以某异形钢塔钢梁斜拉桥为例,对该体系桥的结构受力进行分析评价;针对该桥桥塔的独特造型,应用结构计算软件对其进行总体受力分析.分析结果验证了该桥结构设计的安全性及施工合理性,同时对类似桥型设计中需要注意的地方提出了合理建议.     

基于响应面法的系杆拱桥吊杆初内力优化

为精确优化系杆拱桥的吊杆内力,提出基于响应面法的系杆拱桥吊杆内力优化方法,优化过程包括试验设计、有限元分析、响应面函数拟合和内力优化。以一跨72m系杆拱桥为例,选取各个吊杆初始内力作为自变量,系梁、拱肋的关键截面弯矩以及系梁关键截面位移和结构应变能作为因变量;采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法进行样本点试验设计,采用显式响应面函数拟合结构静力响应值与吊杆内力间复杂的隐式关系。确定目标函数和多约束条件,采用优化软件对多约束条件下的吊杆内力进行优化分析,给出了成桥在多约束条件下的吊杆最优初内力。研究结果表明：该方法可以很好地对系杆拱桥吊杆初内力进行优化,为系杆拱桥的设计和施工控制提供指导。     

On the objective assessment and quantification of the transient-handling response of a vehicle

This article suggests a new methodology for the objective assessment and quantification of the response of a vehicle subjected to transient-handling manoeuvres. For this purpose, a non-dimensional measure is defined, namely the normalized yaw impulse. This measure appears in two variations. In its general or dynamic form, it represents the difference between the yaw moment due to the front-tyre forces and the yaw moment due to the rear-tyre forces, divided by the sum of the aforementioned yaw moments. By employing a linear, two-degree-of-freedom bicycle model, it is shown that the general form of the normalized yaw impulse can be written as a function of the steer angle and the forward, lateral and yaw velocities of the vehicle. This form is referred to as the kinematic yaw impulse. It is demonstrated that the combined application of the dynamic and kinematic expressions of the yaw impulse not only facilitates the explicit assessment and quantification of the transient behaviour of a vehicle, but also reveals the influence of parameters such as the yaw moment of inertia, which traditionally leave the steady-state behaviour unaffected.     

行人交通仿真模型与相关软件的对比分析

从描述行人运动行为的尺度和精细程度出发，行人交通仿真模型分为宏观模型、中观模型和微观模型3类。总结了常见的格子气模型、元胞自动机模型、社会力模型和磁力模型的原理及算法，对比分析了其仿真效果。论述了如何运用Legion、STEPS、SimWalk和AnyLogic软件建立行人交通仿真模型，比较和评述了上述软件的技术性能。研究表明，充分、合理利用已有软件，可实现快速有效的行人交通仿真建模。     

复杂悬跨条件下的管线涡激振动分析(英文)

Spans occur when a pipeline is laid on a rough undulating seabed or when upheaval buckling occurs due to constrained thermal expansion. This not only results in static and dynamic loads on the flowline at span sections, but also generates vortex induced vibration (VIV), which can lead to fatigue issues. The phenomenon, if not predicted and controlled properly, will negatively affect pipeline integrity, leading to expensive remediation and intervention work. Span analysis can be complicated by: long span lengths, a large number of spans caused by a rough seabed, and multi-span interactions. In addition, the complexity can be more onerous and challenging when soil uncertainty, concrete degradation and unknown residual lay tension are considered in the analysis. This paper describes the latest developments and a .state-of-the-art. finite element analysis program that has been developed to simulate the span response of a flowline under complex boundary and loading conditions. Both VIV and direct wave loading are captured in the analysis and the results are sequentially used for the ultimate limit state (ULS) check and fatigue life calculation.     

绞吸式挖泥船外力计算软件及应用

介绍了绞吸式挖泥船外力计算软件的基本原理和功能,以2 000 m3/h绞吸式挖泥船为研究对象,把软件计算得到的结果与实际测量结果作比较,两者非常接近.设计者可以参考该软件计算得到的外力值合理选取相关的设计参数,同时也为结构计算提供了依据.