Estimation of wheel–rail friction for vehicle certification

In certification of new rail vehicles with respect to running characteristics, a wide variety of operating conditions needs to be considered. However, in associated test runs the wheel–rail friction condition is difficult to handle because the friction coefficient needs to be fairly high and the friction is also generally hard to assess. This is an issue that has been studied in the European project DynoTRAIN and part of the results is presented in this paper. More specifically, an algorithm for estimating the wheel–rail friction coefficient at vehicle certification tests is proposed. Owing to lack of some measurement results, the algorithm here is evaluated in a simulation environment which is also an important step towards practical implementation. A quality measure of the friction estimate is suggested in terms of estimated wheel–rail spin and total creep. It is concluded that, tentatively, the total creep should exceed 0.006 and the spin should be less than 1.0 m^?1 for the algorithm to give a good friction estimate. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to imitate measurement errors, but should be expanded in further work.     

Tyre-force estimation by Kalman inverse filtering: applications to off-highway mining trucks

Kalman inverse filtering is used to develop a methodology for real-time estimation of forces acting at the interface between tyre and road on large off-highway mining trucks. The system model formulated is capable of estimating the three components of tyre-force at each wheel of the truck using a practical set of measurements and inputs. Good tracking is obtained by the estimated tyre-forces when compared with those simulated by an ADAMS virtual-truck model. A sensitivity analysis determines the susceptibility of the tyre-force estimates to uncertainties in the truck’s parameters.     

A study on the effect of different tyre imperfections on steering wheel vibration

Multibody dynamics and tyre models have made possible detailed analysis not only for ride and handling, but also for determining their effects on tyre nonuniformities. The aim of this paper is to analyse the steering wheel vibration, both shimmy and shake, excited by different tyre imperfections by using the commercial simulation package ADAMS/car 2005R2 and FTire. Different settings with respect to imperfection locations, amount, and the combined effects of defects have been studied. An interesting beat phenomenon is observed when all the wheels have imperfections. A procedure to determine the type of imperfections in the tyre from the results of the test rig has also been proposed.     

城市高架道路的中日设计规范比较

对中日两国在城市高架道路方面的设计规范进行比较,分析日本在用地条件极端困难的情况下建设城市高架道路所采取的各种有别于公路桥梁的方法,探寻在规划设计方面趋利避害的方法。提出保证桥上建筑限界、增加路缘带宽度、压缩护栏结构尺寸等思路,并对桥梁最大纵坡和匝道最小宽度等问题进行探讨。     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

钛合金大型环件热辗扩成形中的力能参数研究

准确确定辗扩力和辗扩力矩(统称为力能参数)是大型环件热辗扩模具设计和设备选择的重要依据。采用热力耦合三维弹塑性显式有限元法,从变形区当量形状参数角度,研究并揭示了工艺参数对钛合金大型环件热辗扩成形中力能参数的影响效应。结果表明:增大驱动辊转速n_1或环件初始温度T_0均有利于力能参数的减小和环件咬入变形区。     

ANSYS三维模型中SOLID65单元的内力提取问题

ANSYS有限元程序中的SOLID65单元是一种适合描述钢筋混凝土结构的三维单元。由于加强材料在本构矩阵中的组结方式,使用该单元建立的钢筋混凝土模型在进行常规内力提取时会发生错误。在分析单元本构矩阵组结的基础上,正确的内力提取方式被提出。通过例题验证了该提取方法的正确性,并和常规方式进行了对比。     

切头飞剪起制动过程动力学参数分析

切头飞剪是用于切断金属材料的一种机械设备，采用飞剪来剪切轧件，使轧钢车间的生产连续化，生产率大大提高，对双滚筒切头飞剪在剪切过程中的动能及起动、制动过程中的惯性力进行了定性的分析，并绘出了力能参数脉动图。     

Levitation force analysis of medium and low speed maglev vehicles

The rule of levitation force variation with different structure and electromagnetic parameters provides a basis for electromagnet design of electromagnetic suspension (EMS) medium and low speed maglev ...