计入螺旋桨水动力的轴系校中计算

以某成品油船轴系为研究对象,运用CFD软件FLUENT进行该船的螺旋桨水动力仿真计算,以及采用有限元法进行轴系校中。结果表明,螺旋桨水动力的平均分量对轴承支反力分布有一定改善作用,交变分量对轴承支反力的影响较大,其影响水平与进速系数和螺旋桨桨叶所处角度有关。     

系泊油轮与海上平台的碰撞力分析

考虑风、浪、流的联合作用以及平台护舷非线性恢复刚度,研究船舶系泊状态与平台的撞击力及其分布规律。针对不同的风、浪、流的作用方向以及不同的风速、波高及流速,计算波浪和海流的载荷,建立系泊船舶的分析模型,采用频域与时域分析方法,进行系泊船舶运动及其与平台之间碰撞力的仿真,得到系泊船舶与平台的碰撞力时间历程,并分析不同碰撞力发生的概率,确定发生最大碰撞力的风、浪、流方向,比较常量护舷刚度与非线性护舷刚度的计算结果。结果表明,橡胶护舷刚度的选取对于碰撞力的计算结果影响显著,选取非线性护舷刚度计算靠泊碰撞力十分必要,用目前的经验公式计算得到的碰撞力偏差较大。     

水气双重介质共同作用下滑行艇纵向运动预报

为探究滑行艇水气双重介质共同作用下的运动响应情况,针对喷水推进滑行艇的高速运动原理,建立水气双重介质作用下滑行艇非线性的纵向运动数学模型。分析滑行艇在水气双重介质共同作用下滑行过程中的受力特性,确定艇体受到的重力、浮力、动升力和风压阻力等,改进受风面积和风压力臂的计算方法,提出实时计算滑行艇浸湿长度的计算公式。编写滑行艇纵向运动预报程序,并对不同工况下滑行艇运动的预报结果予以了分析。结果显示,当主机输出功率一定时,计入空气比不计入空气时的航速下降5.1%,升沉量下降0.006 m,纵摇角抬升0.2°,阻力增加1 893 N,动升力减小404 N;而计入风的阻力对滑行艇的运动影响较大,航速下降15.3%,纵摇角增加0.6°,升沉量下降0.021 m,动升力下降1 139 N,阻力增加5 472 N。     

The stability and mechanical characteristics of heavy haul couplers with restoring bumpstop

To investigate the stability and mechanical characteristics of a type of heavy haul coupler with restoring bumpstop, the geometry and force states of couplers were analysed at different yaw angles and the longitudinal forces. The structural characteristics of this coupler were summarised. To aid in the investigation, a multi-body dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed couplers was established to simulate the process of emergency braking. In addition, the coupler yaw instability and lateral forces were tested in order to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the locomotive's wheelset lateral forces. The results show that only when the bumpstop force exceeds half of the coupler longitudinal compression force, can the follower be rotated and the yaw angle of the coupler increase. The bumpstop preload is the most important stabilising factor. The coupler lateral force is constant when the coupler longitudinal force is smaller than the critical values of 2000, 1400 and 1150 kN at coupler free angles of 7°, 8° and 9°, respectively, for operation on straight track. The coupler free angle and the locomotive's lateral clearance of the secondary stopper are important in decreasing the wheelset lateral forces of the locomotive. It is advised that a smaller locomotive's secondary lateral suspension stiffness, a free clearance of 35 mm and an elastic clearance of 15 mm from the secondary lateral stopper be selected. If the coupler's free angle is less than the self-stabilising angle which is 5.5° for operation on straight track, the coupler is stable no matter how great the longitudinal force is. The wheelset lateral forces are allowed at the coupler longitudinal force of 2500 kN when the free angle is 6°. These studies establish meaningful improvements for the stability of couplers and match the heavy haul locomotive with its suspension parameters.     

A curving ACC system with coordination control of longitudinal car-following and lateral stability

The paper presents a curving adaptive cruise control (ACC) system that is coordinated with a direct yaw-moment control (DYC) system and gives consideration to both longitudinal car-following capability and lateral stability on curved roads. A model including vehicle longitudinal and lateral dynamics is built first, which is as discrete as the predictive model of the system controller. Then, a cost function is determined to reflect the contradictions between vehicle longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Meanwhile, some I/O constraints are formulated with a driver permissible longitudinal car-following range and the road adhesion condition. After that, desired longitudinal acceleration and desired yaw moment are obtained by a linear matrix inequality based robust constrained state feedback method. Finally, driver-in-the-loop tests on a driving simulator are conducted and the results show that the developed control system provides significant benefits in weakening the impact of DYC on ACC longitudinal car-following capability while also improving lateral stability.     

基于CAE的后纵梁加强板轻量化研究

利用DYNAFORM软件,对采用材料B250P1(厚2 mm)和新材料DP780(厚1.4 mm)的某汽车后纵梁加强板弯曲成型工艺进行了CAE分析,对比了凸凹模间隙、压边力和凹模圆角半径等因素对2种材料回弹性能的影响.基于CAE技术并结合工艺及模具参数优化结果,通过修改产品结构即增加台阶面控制了DP780钢后纵梁加强板的回弹,实现了将材料厚度减小0.6 mm、质量减轻30％的轻量化目标.     

连续梁墩柱合理设计的影响因素分析

随着连续梁桥的广泛应用,连续梁桥墩柱的合理设计值得深入研究。从影响连续梁桥墩柱设计的主要因素出发,深入分析各影响因素的重要性,为连续梁桥墩柱合理设计提供参考。     

等梁高曲线刚构桥悬臂施工阶段内力精确计算公式

现代大跨刚构桥梁的建设手段基本采用悬臂施工法,悬臂阶段结构内力的计算准确性将是确定保证桥梁安全的重要条件。本文将结合实例推导弯桥施工阶段的精细内力计算公式,以期达到在理论上对弯桥内力的更深入认识。     

金山铁路黄浦江特大桥施工监控

上海金山铁路支线改造工程黄浦江特大桥为4×112 m下承式简支钢桁梁桥,主桥采用悬臂拼装十辅助临时支架施工.该桥悬臂施工风险大,为确保施工安全,对主要构件施工过程中的应力、位移、反力等参数进行监控.采用MIDAS Civil 2006软件建立空间模型,通过现场实测数据与理论数据对比分析可知:施工过程中大部分测点的实测应力小于理论应力,满足安全要求;由于节点板局部刚度影响,实际刚度较理论计算刚度大15％左右;在最大悬臂工况下,实测位移小于理论位移,最大偏差达10 m m;所有支撑反力均控制在3 000 kN以内,保证了悬臂施工过程中临时支撑的安全.     

潮汕车站桩网复合地基管桩承载性状数值分析

采用桩网复合地基,对软土地基进行加固处理是十分有效的措施。依托厦深铁路潮汕车站深厚软土的地基处理,利用FLAC3D有限元计算软件对潮汕车站桩网复合地基管桩承载性状进行数值模拟分析,以研究管桩桩身轴力特性及管桩桩身摩阻力分布特性。负摩阻力对桩网复合地基有不利的影响,其增大了桩的沉降量,降低了桩对上部荷载承载能力和桩网复合地基的整体工作性能。在工程设计过程中应充分考虑负摩阻力对桩承载力及沉降的影响。