宽浅河道低水头水电枢纽口门区通航水流条件研究

根据重力相似准则,采用比尺为1∶100的整体模型,进行某宽浅河道低水头水电枢纽口门区的通航安全性研究。采用ADV三维流速测量系统进行流速测量;采用标准矩形量水堰控制模型流量;采用差动式尾门调节模型水位。由于河道地形及枢纽布置的原因,上游口门区流速过大,下游口门区形成大范围回流。通过扩大河道过流面积,移除下游河道中心连续小岛,增加闸孔等措施,减小下泄水流流速,改善河道整体水流状态;通过加长导航墙,改变导航墙透水面积,优化口门区域地形等措施极大地改善了船闸上下游引航道及口门区通航水流条件,确保过闸船舶的安全。     

CFRP加固损伤钢板的拉伸及疲劳性能研究

文章基于Dugdale模型理论提出CFRP加固含裂纹钢板加固量的计算方法。通过虚拟裂纹闭合法建立模型来模拟塑性钢板的破坏过程,并完成相关试验,验证了CFRP加固含裂纹钢板有效粘贴长度、有效粘贴宽度取值的有效性。同时利用Paris公式预估疲劳寿命,并结合相关试验数据,探究了CFRP加固对含裂纹钢板疲劳寿命的提高作用。研究表明,有效粘贴长度、有效粘贴宽度的理论取值有效;通过CFRP双侧加固竖裂纹、斜裂纹钢板构件可分别使其疲劳寿命得到显著提高。     

钛合金疲劳小裂纹扩展行为预报方法研究

针对小裂纹扩展阶段裂纹尖端塑性区域尺寸相对于小裂纹长度是不可忽略的问题,在考虑小裂纹效应裂纹扩展速率修正模型基础上,对该模型中裂纹尺寸进行修正,即裂纹长度等于真实裂纹长度加上平面应变状态下裂纹尖端塑性区域一半;并利用修正后的模型对钛合金材料不同情况下疲劳小裂纹扩展速率和寿命进行预报,同时将预报结果与试验值比较.结果表明:修正后的预报模型对小裂纹扩展速率和寿命均有很好的预报效果.     

海上风机支撑结构的时域和频域疲劳对比研究

对海上风机支撑结构进行动力响应分析,求出结构危险节点的载荷谱和功率谱密度函数,结合疲劳损伤模型和Dirlik概率模型,分别在时域和频域内对支撑结构进行疲劳寿命分析.由于时域法计算疲劳寿命需进行应力循环计数,这一过程需处理的数据庞大,耗时长.频域法省去应力循环计数,代之以概率密度函数,可相对准确、快速地计算结构的疲劳寿命.分析结果表明,采用Dirlik概率模型的频域分析法能较准确地反映海上风机支撑结构在随机载荷作用下的疲劳损伤情况,计算结果误差在可接受范围内.     

Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.     

Electric vehicles for greenhouse gas reduction in China: A cost-effectiveness analysis

There have been ongoing debates over whether battery electric vehicles contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in China’s context, and if yes, whether the greenhouse gas emissions reduction compensates the cost increment. This study informs such debate by examining the life-cycle cost and greenhouse gas emissions of conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles, and comparing their cost-effectiveness for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicate that under a wide range of vehicle and driving configurations (range capacity, vehicle use intensity, etc.), battery electric vehicles contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared with conventional vehicles, although their current cost-effectiveness is not comparable with hybrid electric vehicles. Driven by grid mix optimization, power generation efficiency improvement, and battery cost reduction, the cost-effectiveness of battery electric vehicles is expected to improve significantly over the coming decade and surpass hybrid electric vehicles. However, considerable uncertainty exists due to the potential impacts from factors such as gasoline price. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that the deployment of battery electric vehicles should be prioritized in intensively-used fleets such as taxis to realize high cost-effectiveness. Technology improvements both in terms of power generation and vehicle electrification are essential in improving the cost-effectiveness of battery electric vehicles.     

考虑残余应力效应的深潜器耐压壳体疲劳研究

本文考虑焊接残余应力的影响,给出包含裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展全过程的载人深潜器耐压球壳疲劳寿命预报方法,分别基于局部应力-应变法和能计及负应力比效应的裂纹扩展单一曲线模型预报了耐压球壳的工艺疲劳寿命和使用疲劳寿命,研究焊接残余应力大小对球壳疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,忽略拉伸残余应力的影响将导致疲劳寿命预测结果偏于危险;耐压球壳整体受压时,拉伸残余应力使得球壳局部区域承受拉-压循环载荷,计算使用疲劳寿命过程中须考虑其影响;降低拉伸残余应力可有效提高耐压球壳的疲劳寿命。     

低表面处理涂料在港口机械上的应用

在介绍了目前国内通用的港口机械防腐涂料的基础上,针对传统防腐涂料存在的问题,阐述了未来防腐涂料的发展趋势。着重介绍了一种新型的低表面处理特种改性环氧涂料,具有生态环保,无毒阻燃,超强附着力,高边棱保持率。     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

T型焊接接头疲劳性能研究

T型焊接接头在船舶与海洋工程结构中广泛应用,研究T型焊接接头的疲劳性能对于提高船舶与海洋工程结构的强度具有重要意义.针对工程中常用的四种焊趾形式的T型焊接接头,利用有限元计算和模型试验两种方法对其疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,平面型焊趾是较优的T型接头焊趾形式.