沥青混合料疲劳性能研究

论述了沥青混合料疲劳研究的室内试验方法,对沥青混合料小梁弯拉疲劳试验与劈裂疲劳试验做了对比,说明在中国现有条件下,室内疲劳试验采用劈裂试验方法的合理性。并提出几种高等级道路常用沥青混合料的疲劳方程及沥青混合料抗拉强度结构系数K,供设计参考。     

图的符号圈控制

文[1～2]中引入了图的两种边控制概念,即符号边控制和符号星控制.本文引入了图的符号圈控制概念,得到了符号圈控制数的下界,并确定了几类特殊图的符号圈控制数.     

Development of simulated driving cycles for light,medium, and heavy duty trucks: Case of the Toronto Waterfront Area

Driving cycles are an important input for state-of-the-art vehicle emission models. Development of a driving cycle requires second-by-second vehicle speed for a representative set of vehicles. Current standard driving cycles cannot reflect or forecast changes in traffic conditions. This paper introduces a method to develop representative driving cycles using simulated data from a calibrated microscopic traffic simulation model of the Toronto Waterfront Area. The simulation model is calibrated to reflect road counts, link speeds, and accelerations using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The simulation is validated by comparing simulated vs. observed passenger freeway cycles. The simulation method is applied to develop AM peak hour driving cycles for light, medium and heavy duty trucks. The demonstration reveals differences in speed, acceleration, and driver aggressiveness between driving cycles for different vehicle types. These driving cycles are compared against a range of available driving cycles, showing different traffic conditions and driving behaviors, and suggesting a need for city-specific driving cycles. Emissions from the simulated driving cycles are also compared with EPA’s Heavy Duty Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule showing higher emission factors for the Toronto Waterfront cycles.     

中日韩运营铁路隧道检测技术现状及发展趋势

我国运营铁路隧道总体规模巨大，传统隧道检测方式难以满足大规模运营隧道检测及时、高效的需求，融合隧道检测新技术、优化运营铁路隧道既有检测方式是运营铁路隧道检测降本增效的关键。基于以上问题，对中国、日本及韩国隧道检测技术进行调研，从图像类、探测类以及集成综合类3个方面梳理中日韩隧道检测技术发展现状。提出运营铁路隧道检测技术以快速综合检测、数据智能化判释、隧道状态协同评估为主的发展趋势，分析适用于我国运营铁路隧道实际情况的隧道检测模式，提出应重视铺轨前的隧道检测，确保隧道初始状态信息的全面和真实性，加快建设隧道状态信息库，基于快速、综合、智能化的隧道检测技术体系，实现运营期铁路隧道的动态周期检测，以实现运营隧道降本增效。     

Development of driving cycles for electric vehicles in the context of the city of Florence

Strong efforts are spent in automotive engineering for the creation of so called Driving Cycles (DCs). Vehicle DC development has been a topic under research over the last thirty years, since it is a key activity both from an authority and from an industrial research point of view. Considering the innovative characteristics of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their diffusion on certain contexts (e.g. city centers), the demand for tailored cycles arises. A proposal for driving data analysis and synthesis has been developed through the review and the selection of known literature experiences, having as a goal the application on a EVs focused case study. The measurement campaign has been conducted in the city of Florence, which includes limited traffic areas accessible to EVs. A fleet of EVs has been monitored through a non-invasive data logging system. After data acquisition, time-speed data series have been processed for filtering and grouping. The main product of the activity is a set of DCs obtained by pseudo-randomized selection of original data. The similarity of synthetic DCs to acquired data has been verified through the validation of cycle parameters. Finally, the new DCs and a selection of existing ones are compared on the basis of relevant kinematic parameters and expected energy consumption. The method followed for the creation of DCs has been implemented in a software package. It can be used to generate cycles and, under certain boundary conditions, to get a filtered access to the measured data and provide integration within simulation environment.     

Lightweighting shipping containers: Life cycle impacts on multimodal freight transportation

Freight transportation by truck, train, and ship accounts for 5% of the United States’ annual energy consumption (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2017a). Much of this freight is transported in shipping containers. Lightweighting containers is an unexplored strategy to decrease energy and GHG emissions. We evaluate life cycle fuel savings and environmental performance of lightweighting scenarios applied to a forty-foot (12.2 meters) container transported by ship, train, and truck. Use phase burdens for both conventional and lightweighted containers (steel reduction, substitution with aluminum, or substitution with high tensile steel) were compared to life cycle burdens. The study scope ranged from the transportation of one container 100 km to the lifetime movement of the global container fleet on ships. Case studies demonstrated the impact of lightweighting on typical multimodal freight deliveries to the United States. GREET 1 and 2 (Argonne National Laboratory, 2016a,b) were used to estimate the total fuel cycle burdens associated with use phase fuel consumption. Fuel consumption was determined using modal Fuel Reduction Values (FRV), which relate mass reduction to fuel reduction. A lifetime reduction of 21% in the fuel required to transport a container, and 1.4% in the total fuel required to move the vehicles, cargo, and containers can be achieved. It was determined that a 10% reduction in mass of the system will result in a fuel reduction ranging from 2% to 8.4%, depending on the mode. Globally, container lightweighting can reduce energy demand by 3.6 EJ and GHG emissions by 300 million tonnes CO₂e over a 15-year lifetime.     

热源变化影响下S-CO2布雷顿循环动态分析

文章基于能量守恒微分方程建立了改进的S-CO₂再压缩布雷顿循环动态模型,分析了船舶烟气温度和流量的变化对循环系统的动态响应。研究结果表明,热源温度和流量的降低导致循环系统的输出功以及循环效率降低;相对于热源流量,热源温度对循环系统的影响较大。     

基于BIM标准体系的铁路协同设计体系研究

随着物联网、云计算、大数据等前沿技术的不断进步,铁路行业正在迎来新的发展机遇。数字孪生铁路是以智能建造、智能装备、智能运营为核心的智能高铁技术应用数字环境,也是铁路工程全生命周期应用的数据基础。传统的设计方式中各专业内和专业间数据相对离散、逻辑关联性不高、成果不易维护且信息存在大量冗余,无法满足铁路智能化应用的要求。以京张客运专线BIM项目为载体,研究能够集中管理各专业设计资源、定制各专业设计参数交互流程、构建专业间数据层面逻辑关联、具有统一数据框架的协同设计体系。该体系强化了各专业间的联系,提升了设计质量,为工程数字化建设提供了数据结构组织有序、易于维护、动态可感知的数字孪生工程,同时也为勘察设计企业拓展工程全生命周期业务提供了可靠的技术保障。     

直流电力系统短路限流装置研究

随着舰船电力系统容量的增加,其短路电流水平不断提高,急需研究一种分断速度快、限流能力强的新型限流保护装置。混合型限流熔断器相对于普通限流熔断器具有功率损耗低、限流能力强的优点。文中介绍了两种新型限流熔断器的结构组成、工作原理和特性,指出被动式混合型熔断器与电子控制的主动式混合型限流熔断器相比,因其无需外部电源、传感器及电子控制单元,可靠性更高且体积更小。     

DGMC-16s型双动力地铁打磨车电气控制系统设计

简要介绍DGMC-16s型地铁打磨车电气控制系统研发背景及系统总体架构,重点介绍了控制网络、牵引控制、偏转角度、恒功率打磨、双动力源切换等关键技术,产品运用证明该系统运行可靠,满足各项技术要求。