高中速客专和高低速客货共线铁路不同坡段组合的动力学性能之比较研究

本文运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学新理论,仿真计算了列车以不同速度匹配通过不同类型纵断面时动力学性能的各项指标,并且根据现行铁道机车车辆动力学性能评定规范加以评价。结果表明:在本文设定的不同类型纵断面条件下,如单面坡划为多坡段或凹型坡加设分坡平段或凸型坡加设分坡平段,无论是高中速客车还是高低速客货混跑,采用新设计方案计算得到的指标略大于采用原设计方案得到的相应值,但差异不明显;所有方案下,除个别指标外,安全性指标均未超过合格限值,平稳性指标属优良等级。     

基于FlUent二次开发研究高速列车通过隧道时的瞬变压力

研究目的:针对采用通用CFD软件Fluent进行高速列车隧道空气动力学效应数值模拟中存在的问题,对 以Fluent为平台、利用VC 语言进行二次开发的一些关键性技术进行了研究。 研究方法:本文采用三维粘性、小等熵、可压缩、非定常流的Navier-Stokes方程,用有限体积法进行区域离 散,对高速列车通过隧道时隧道内和列车内外瞬变压力的变化进行了三维数值模拟。 研究结果:将隧道内瞬变压力的波动情况与列车的运行情况相结合,对此过程进行了详细的描述和解释。 研究结论:计算过程中,Fluent的命令流能灵活地实现CFD分析中的众多相关功能,为工程设计和研究提 供了有力的开发平台和分析工具。Fluent不仅具有完备的系统开放性,还可利用C语言编制自己的程序模块来 丰富其功能,在工程上有着非常广阔的应用前景。     

Estimation of value of travel time reliability

In mode choice decision, travelers consider not only travel time but also reliability of its modes. In this paper, reliability was expressed in terms of standard deviation and maximum delay that were measured based on triangular distribution. In order to estimate value of time and value of reliability, the Multinomial and Nested Logit models were used. The analysis results revealed that reliability is an important factor affecting mode choice decisions. Elasticity is used to estimate the impacts of the different policies and system improvements for water transportation mode. Among these policies, decision maker can assess and select the best alternative by doing the benefit and cost analysis based on a new market share, the value of time, and the value of reliability. Finally, a set of promising policies and system improvement of the water transportation were proposed.     

软弱混合岩粉砂质粘性土层中暗挖隧道施工技术

在软弱混合岩粉砂质粘性土层中暗挖施工地铁隧道,由于该土层的工程性质较差,呈软塑状,含水丰富,含砂率高,粘性很差,孔隙比达到0.9,自稳能力差,暴露后马上坍塌,自稳时间短,承载能力差,遇水后几分钟便软化崩解,触变性强,施工扰动易液化,导致隧道施工困难。在此,结合工程实践,开发了在此种土层中施工的经济合理方法,且能满足工期要求。施工前,进行地面加固、超前降水等措施;施工中,进行超前支护,提高每循环作业的施工速度和效率,每循环完毕,及时封闭掌子面。为类似地层的隧道施工提供参考。     

喷水推进泵空化预测原理和方法的研究

文章在介绍喷水推进在国内外的最新应用后,着重分析喷水推进系统在舰船上的应用所带来的新特点,即极易进入空化区。根据舰船动力装置机舱自动化的设计规范中的有关监测报警系统的设计要求,文章提出了喷水推进泵空化预测原理和方法研究的必要性。     

On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

交直机车在低网压工况下的动力协调控制方法研究

针对电气化铁路的部分供电网随着运量的不断增长,其供电网压不断降低,严重时已影响机车的正常运行的情况,从优化机车牵引特性的角度提出了一种投资少、见效快的解决方案,并详细阐述其具体实现原理与实施策略。     

地铁车辆空气弹簧气压负载特性的分析与实验

针对目前地铁车辆称质量过程中检测的车辆质量与实际载质量存在较大误差的问题,通过对地铁车辆称质量过程进行分析,分别推导了空气弹簧的静态、动态气压-负载关系式,其中动态气压-负载曲线考虑了空气弹簧工作过程中的充、排气过程。以北京地铁大兴线4号线065车体为例,分别采用静态和动态气压-负载特性曲线对车体质量进行计算,通过与真实车体质量对比,表明本文推导的动态气压-负载特性曲线更加接近于实际情况,可以大幅减小地铁车辆称质量误差。     

土压平衡盾构在复合地层中带压进仓施工技术

结合南京地铁土压平衡盾构在复合地层中带压进仓的具体情况,通过采取带压进仓压力计算、现场试验压力确定以及实施过程,成功地解决了土压平衡盾构进行带压进仓作业,了解掘进面存在的问题以及解决方式等技术难点.通过对监测数据的对比、分析,说明该方法的可行性及合理性,为土压平衡盾构在复合地层中带压进仓的施工提供参考与借鉴.     

铁路大型客站节水评价方法初探

在文献资料和现场调研的基础上,通过分析客站用水量影响因素,建立了单因素评价指标体系和评价方法;分析确定了各因素的权重,进行了无量纲化处理后,建立了多因素综合评价指标体系和评价方法,利用该方法对两个车站的节水效果进行了评价。