现代车用发动机冷却系统研究进展

简要分析了发动机冷却系统的发展现状、影响因素及存在的问题;介绍了目前国内外前沿的发动机冷却系统的设计理念和研究方法,如智能化电控冷却系统、精确冷却理念、分流式冷却、空气侧流动以及整车热管理研究等;展望了现代发动机冷却系统实现高效低耗的目标,指出采用电控冷却部件实现精确冷却和分流式冷却的有效整合是行之有效的手段,而整车热管理研究势必会成为全面提高冷却系统性能的主要方法。     

甲醇柴油在增压中冷压燃式发动机上的试验研究

采用助溶剂解决柴油和甲醇相溶性问题并配制出柴油醇燃料,在增压中冷压燃式发动机的结构和参数不作任何调整的条件下,进行了不同甲醇含量柴油醇的燃烧、性能和排放特性的试验研究。研究表明,在供油量一定的情况下燃用柴油醇,发动机的燃烧特性发生变化,导致性能和排放变化,且随燃料中甲醇含量的增加,变化趋势加剧,特别是在小负荷情况下。     

新型含氧混合燃料对柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

进行了丙二醇单丙醚(PGPE)/乙二醇二甲醚(EGDE)混合物用作柴油机含氧燃料的研究,对比了柴油机燃用柴油、PGPE/EGDE体积分数分别为15%和25%的混合燃料时的燃烧和排放特性。试验表明PGPE/EGDE混合燃料的燃烧特性与0号柴油相比,滞燃期、燃烧持续期和热效率等差异较小,最高燃烧压力小幅下降;显著降低柴油机中高负荷时的碳烟和CO排放,降幅分别可达73.9%和37.5%,NOx排放无显著变化,但HC排放增加。     

点燃式乙醇发动机的性能和排放的研究

根据乙醇燃料的理化特性对电控喷射点燃式汽油发动机进行了改进,研究了进气温度和点火正时对乙醇发动机性能和排放的影响。试验结果表明:需采用进气预热解决乙醇发动机冷起动;乙醇发动机的动力性与汽油机基本相当,比能耗比汽油机低5%以上,CO和HC排放改善30%以上。     

柴油机磨合规范优化

介绍柴油机磨合重要性及常规磨合方法,通过试验验证取消柴油机冷磨合,用热磨合取代"冷磨合 热磨合",可以缩短柴油机磨合时间,同时又提高柴油机的整机磨合质量,是一种可行的、优化的柴油机磨合规范。     

生物柴油发动机润滑油氧化衰变特性模拟研究

在柴油机油中分别加入不同比例的生物柴油和矿物柴油,通过高温氧化试验对柴油机油的氧化过程进行了模拟。结果显示,加有生物柴油的柴油机油与加有矿物柴油的柴油机油相比,前者氧化后黏度和酸值较高,正戊烷不溶物较多,碱值下降较明显,表明生物柴油比矿物柴油更易促进柴油机油氧化衰变。     

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Most of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive DI Diesel engines are produced during the engine warm-up period and are primarily caused by difficulties in obtaining stable and efficient combustion under these conditions. Furthermore, the contribution of engine starting to these emissions is not negligible; since this operating condition is highly unfavorable for the combustion progress. Additionally, the catalytic converter is ineffective due to the low engine temperature. In conjunction with adequate engine settings (fuel injection and fresh air control), either the glow plugs or the intake air heater are activated during a portion of the engine warm-up period, so that a nominal engine temperatures is reached faster, and the impact of these difficulties is minimized. Measurement of gaseous pollutants during engine warm-up is currently possible with detectors used in standard exhaust gas analyzers (EGA), which have response times well-suited for sampling at such transient conditions. However, these devices are not suitable for the measurement of exhaust emissions produced during extremely short time intervals, such as engine starting. Herein, we present a methodology for the measurement of the cumulative pollutant emissions during the starting phase of passenger car DI Diesel engines, with the goal of overcoming this limitation by taking advantage of standard detectors. In the proposed method, a warm canister is filled with an exhaust gas sample at constant volumetric flow, during a time period that depends on the engine starting time; the gas concentration in the canister is later evaluated with a standard EGA. When compared with direct pollutant measurements performed with a state-of-art EGA, the proposed procedure was found to be more sensitive to combustion changes and provided more reliable data.     

丰田凯美瑞发动机点火系统原理与故障排除实例

针对广州丰田凯美瑞轿车一例特殊故障——发动机高速运行之后抖动、动力下降,着重分析其发动机点火系统的工作原理,并对故障现象作逐步的诊断和分析,最终排除故障。     

CA4DC共轨系统柴油机排放控制研究

通过引入共轨燃油喷射系统,重新优化发动机结构参数,标定控制参数,使CA4DC柴油机在降低油耗和燃烧噪声的同时,显著减少了NOx和微粒的排放。结果表明,在不采用外部EGR和后处理技术的条件下,采取上述措施完全可以使轻型柴油机的排放达到满足欧Ⅲ标准的工程目标。     

基于喷射正时的柴油机燃烧和排放研究

基于集成电控单体泵柴油机,讨论了喷射正时对柴油机燃烧及排放特性的影响规律。喷射正时对滞燃期和速燃期有显著的影响,从而影响放热规律、缸内压力和燃烧温度,进而对NOx和PM排放特性有显著的影响。在中大负荷下,随着喷射正时的滞后,放热率曲线相对于上止点的相位滞后,缸内最高燃烧温度下降,NOx排放下降,PM排放升高。在中小负荷下,随着喷射正时的进一步滞后,NOx和PM的排放同时下降。