新能源电力推进对比分析

文章基于全球低碳节能政策,研究并概述了直流微网新能源电力推进系统及其关键技术,对比了以太阳能、蓄电池、氢燃料电池等为主动力的电力推进系统,并分析其性能、综合效率及实际船舶应用,对推进绿色船舶、节能减排等具有重要的实际意义。     

风帆助航对船舶主机油耗率的影响

加装风帆是船舶节能的有效途径,但风帆助航会影响船舶主机和其他系统的运行状况,对船舶能效的影响主要来自主机工况的改变。本文通过分析加装风帆后对螺旋桨工作特性的影响,推导出了计算主机油耗率的方法,并使用某超大型油轮(VLCC)的相关参数进行验证计算,证明此方法简单实用,可为计算风帆助航船舶能效指数EEOI等相关参数提供参考。     

某车型座椅骨架动态安全性与模态分析

为判断汽车座椅骨架的结构合理性,文章利用ANSA建立了某乘用车座椅骨架总成及假头型有限元模型,对该座椅骨架进行了模态分析与基于显式动力学有限元的头枕吸能性仿真试验,得到前四阶固有频率和振型、头枕前碰仿真分析加速度时间历程图。结果表明,该座椅骨架自由模态频率避开了人体最敏感的共振频率范围,整个碰撞过程假头型减速度超过80 g的连续作用时间未超过3 ms。     

基于层次分析法的交通运输节能减排示范项目绩效评价研究

交通运输是国家节能减排工作的重点领域,为促进交通运输节能减排技术发展,开展交通运输节能减排示范项目是政府部门一项重要的政策措施。对示范项目进行绩效评价工作能衡量财政资金投入政策实施效果,也是交通运输主管部门非常关注的问题。在交通运输节能减排示范项目绩效评价的逻辑框架下,运用层次分析法建立交通运输节能减排示范项目绩效评价指标体系及权重值,具有较好的实操性,能为开展同类型项目的绩效评价工作提供参考。     

新型组合结构高墩的静力学分析方法

特大跨桥梁的塔柱以及超高桥梁的墩柱通常采用薄壁截面形式,以克服自重过大的问题。当薄壁墩柱遭遇强地震作用时,通过墩柱产生塑性铰来耗散地震能量,保护整体结构的安全性。但薄壁墩柱存在耗能能力有限、修复困难的缺陷,为便于概念设计,通过对该结构体系进行力学简化,使用连续连杆法对受力特征进行分析,建立了相应的力法方程并对其理论求解方法进行推导;根据位移等效原则,求解出顶部受集中力的悬臂墩等效惯性矩,便于计算顶部位移;提出了比例参数的概念,用于结构构件进行参数优化,可方便、有效地实现结构的力学性能设计;为验证连续连杆法、等效惯性矩计算方法的可靠性,进行了有限元数值分析。研究结果表明：解析解与试验结果及有限元分析结果吻合较好;提出的新型自耗能高墩兼具较大的耗能能力和可恢复性的优势;采用连续连杆法分析新型自耗能高墩结构体系的内力和位移是可行的。所得结果对新型自耗能高墩结构体系的设计具有指导性,利用等效惯性矩求解结构的顶点位移可以很好地满足设计精度要求。     

基于体能消耗规律的游憩道路规划建设

随着当前社会经济的进步,我国旅游行业发展极为迅速,人们休闲意识的提升,旅游以及游憩活动在人们日常生活中逐步增多,而游憩作为人们旅游的重要组成内容,游憩道路必须结合人们体能消耗规律进行实时规划建设,虽然目前人类交通方式的多元化使得游憩活动空间障碍得以有效减少,但徒步游览仍是大部分观光型景区及游憩区的主要活动方式,这个过程中人们游憩道路过长,体能消耗所带来的疲劳感往往会导致其自身游览满意度降低,甚至对自身健康带来一定安全隐患,且老人和幼儿等特殊人群活动时间及活动方式有限,也使其对游憩道路要求更高。对基于体能消耗规律的游憩道路规划建设,进行分析探讨,并对其做相应整理和总结。     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.     

VMT, energy consumption, and GHG emissions forecasting for passenger transportation

Globalization, greenhouse gas emissions and energy concerns, emerging vehicle technologies, and improved statistical modeling capabilities make the present moment an opportune time to revisit aggregate vehicle miles traveled (VMT), energy consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions forecasting for passenger transportation. Using panel data for the 48 continental states during the period 1998-2008, the authors develop simultaneous equation models for predicting VMT on different road functional classes and examine how different technological solutions and changes in fuel prices can affect passenger VMT. Moreover, a random coefficient panel data model is developed to estimate the influence of various factors (such as demographics, socioeconomic variables, fuel tax, and capacity) on the total amount of passenger VMT in the United States. To assess the influence of each significant factor on VMT, elasticities are estimated. Further, the authors investigate the effect of different policies governing fuel tax and population density on future energy consumption and GHG emissions. The presented methodology and estimation results can assist transportation planners and policy-makers in determining future energy and transportation infrastructure investment needs.     

An operational activity-based method to estimate CO2 emissions from container shipping considering empty container repositioning

This paper develops an operational activity-based method to estimate CO₂ emissions from container shipping in contrasts to the traditional aggregated activity-based method. Two case studies investigate the impacts of empty container repositioning policies and port handling capacity on CO₂ emission index. The results show that the aggregated method could well overestimate CO₂ emissions and the operational activity-based method is more appropriate. The paper also demonstrates that high port-handling capacity and efficient empty container repositioning could reduce CO₂ emissions in seaborne container transportation.     

利用地下空间助力发展绿色建筑与绿色城市

当今世界,绿色发展已经成为一个重要趋势,绿色发展理念更是指导我国“十三五”规划的重要理念之一。建设城市地下空间是转变城市发展方式、治理“城市病”并建设绿色城市的主要着力点。首先,说明绿色建筑与绿色城市的概念,以及二者的关系。重点从节约土地、利用地热能、节水、绿色城市基础设施（包括绿色客运城市交通和城际交通,未来城市货运交通,绿色城市污水、雨洪蓄排系统,绿色城市垃圾集运和处理系统,智慧地下综合管廊,城市智慧行车系统）等方面,并结合国内外典型案例分析说明利用地下空间发展绿色建筑和绿色城市的理念、方法、构想。最后,结合实例强调地下空间开发规划的重要性、规划科学的重要性、开发与规划中的问题及规划的具体要求。