共同配送对城市货运交通系统的效益研究

从城市GDP、交通基础设施、货运量、货运车辆调度、能源和环境6 个要素出发,构建城市货运交通系统动力学模型,对比实施共同配送前后对城市货运交通拥堵、运输费用及货运系统节能减排的效益变化,寻求解决路径. 以济南市为例,确定模型参数及方程,动态仿真实施共同配送的效益. 结果表明：随着载货率提高、平均运距的增长,实施共同配送的边际收益呈递减趋势,配送时间的昼夜错峰调整也有显著影响;在决策区间载货率[70%, 80%]、平均运距[70, 80] km、配送时间昼夜比例[6∶4,7∶3]下,共同配送总体效益最优;节能减排效益仍存在挖掘的潜力,通过提高新能源货运车承担的货运比重,每20%的增加将带来货运系统节能减排平均30%的降低.     

神经网络预测控制在HVAC系统中的应用

从神经网络的结构及特点出发,说明了神经网络预测控制系统的构造及工作原理,并着重通过介绍神经网络预测控制在HVAC系统末端控制、中央制冷站能源管理系统、冰蓄冷空调系统中的应用,展观了它在HVAC系统中广泛的应用前景.     

光纤涂层老化性能研究

对四种常用的光纤涂层性能试验方法,逐一加以评价介绍,并根据试验结果,比较了几种涂层的性能特点.     

Optimum arrangement of braces in jacket platform based on strength and ductility

Nonlinear behavior of jacket platforms is important in both design and rehabilitation issues that depends on the bracing arrangement. Both ductility and strength of the structures derived from pushover analysis are highly related to configuration of the braces. Considering a suitable criterion such as constant weight or constant stiffness and period of the structure in all arrangement cases, one can compare the capacity curves and find the best configuration. In this paper a simple logical method for investigating the strength and ductility of the jacket structure is presented, it is shown that global geometry and configuration of the braces are very important and effective in both strength and ductility parameters. Three parameters, normalized strength, normalized ductility and a combination of these two parameters are defined in order to have an engineering and practical index for comparing the results. At the end of the numerical discussion, the optimum configuration can be found. Such an investigation is very important in the initial design stage. Also, in assessment of existing platforms, it is very important to find the reliable strength and ductility of the structure. Such a study gives a deep view of this issue as well.     

盾构长距离穿越上软下硬富水石灰岩地层施工技术

长距离穿越上软下硬富水石灰岩地层一直是盾构施工的难题,掘进过程中刀具磨损严重、突遇溶洞、螺旋机喷涌、频繁带压开仓换刀,严重影响掘进速度并存在极大的安全隐患。徐州市地铁2号线百果园站-拖龙山站盾构区间有420m连续长距离穿越上软下硬富水石灰岩地层,对施工进度、组织效率、工程安全均提出了较高要求。基于此,本文对盾构机刀盘刀具进行设计优化、螺旋机出土口防喷涌改造、优化掘进参数有效地控制刀具磨损,最后顺利完成本区间的施工任务并取得良好效果。     

电动汽车振动能量回收综述

电动汽车的能量回收在电动汽车出现后不久就被人们所重视,随着各种技术的发展,电动汽车能量回收技术也变得越来越成熟。本文主要研究了电动汽车振动能量回收方式。将部分已经进行的研究进行了归纳,分析了各种回收方式的优劣以及目前面临的问题和解决的建议,并对于电动汽车能量回收的未来发展进行展望。     

Optimum routing of battery electric vehicles: Insights using empirical data and microsimulation

This study investigates the energy consumption impact of route selection on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) using empirical second-by-second Global Positioning System (GPS) commute data and traffic micro-simulation data. Drivers typically choose routes that reduce travel time and therefore travel cost. However, BEVs’ limited driving range makes energy efficient route selection of particular concern to BEV drivers. In addition, BEVs’ regenerative braking systems allow for the recovery of energy while braking, which is affected by route choices. State-of-the-art BEV energy consumption models consider a simplified constant regenerative braking energy efficiency or average speed dependent regenerative braking factors. To overcome these limitations, this study adopted a microscopic BEV energy consumption model, which captures the effect of transient behavior on BEV energy consumption and recovery while braking in a congested network. The study found that BEVs and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) had different fuel/energy-optimized traffic assignments, suggesting that different routings be recommended for electric vehicles. For the specific case study, simulation results indicate that a faster route could actually increase BEV energy consumption, and that significant energy savings were observed when BEVs utilized a longer travel time route because energy is regenerated. Finally, the study found that regenerated energy was greatly affected by facility types and congestion levels and also BEVs’ energy efficiency could be significantly influenced by regenerated energy.     

Energy factors for flexible fuel engines and vehicles operating with gasoline-ethanol blends

This work investigates the energy factors for fuel conversion from the analysis of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) maps of a sample of 15 engines, representative of 75% of current models available in the Brazilian market. The method also employs the engine driving patterns of power output versus crankshaft speed obtained from bench dynamometer tests. The energy factors obtained from the engine analysis was validated against experiments carried out with two production vehicles in laboratory tests following the 1975 US Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75) procedure and road tests following 16 different urban and highway routes. The fuels used in the tests were hydrous ethanol (E100, 6 v/v % water) and a blend of 22 v/v % anhydrous ethanol and 78 v/v % gasoline (E22). The energy factors found from the 3D engine BSFC map analysis were higher than those obtained from the Willans line, currently adopted as a standard, by 52% for E22 and 57% for E100. The results from the 3D engine BFSC maps and the first vehicle following the FTP-75 cycle and 15 road routes were similar, also close to the results from the second vehicle, qualifying them to be representative of modern flexible fuel spark ignition engines and vehicles.     

图像感兴趣区域提取技术研究

感兴趣区域提取技术在图像分析与处理领域中起着重要的作用。文中对现有的感兴趣区域提取技术进行了深入探讨，详细研究了当前几种较具代表性的感兴趣区域提取技术，并对其提取效果做了评价。总结了它们的优缺点以及适用场景，为用户选取合适的感兴趣区域提取方法，提供了实验依据。     

地铁车站票务设备节能优化研究

为解决城市轨道交通车站售票能力冗余导致城市电力资源及地铁公司运营成本闲置的问题,分析普通车站日常客流分布,综合考虑地铁车站售票设备成本和乘客的时间成本因素,建立地铁车站售票设备开启数量优化模型,同时通过排队论和Lingo软件进行计算,获得最优化的地铁车站售票设备开启数量。以郑州地铁农业南路站的日常客流为例,应用地铁车站售票设备开启数量优化模型,计算得到农业南路站售票设备优化方案,通过优化方案进行节能成果分析证明,该方案可有效节约城市电力资源及地铁公司运营成本。