Wave and sea level monitoring and prediction in the service module of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)

The need for a Global Ocean Observing System Global (GOOS) is now widely appreciated. Parts of GOOS are currently being implemented already. In this paper, written on the request of the joint Scientific and Technical Committee of GOOS, we present some of the scientific issues that need to be addressed for the further development of the Ocean and Marine Meteorology Service module of GOOS. This module is concerned with monitoring and prediction of sea level (both tsunamis and storm surges) and wind driven waves (wind–sea and swell), among other things. For each of these we discuss the current state-of-the-art, indicate what observations are needed and make suggestions for future modelling development.     

永定新河淤积机理探讨

根据已有的实测资料,对永定新河河道的潮流及其输沙特性进行初步分析,试图探求淤积机理.建立淤积量估算方法.     

Benthic community and food web structure on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay (North Eastern Atlantic) revealed by stable isotopes analysis

The North Bay of Biscay continental shelf is a major French demersal fishery, but little was known on the trophic food web of its benthic communities. In order to determine the benthic trophic web, the objectives of this study are to describe the macro- and megafaunal benthic community structure (species richness, abundance and biomass) and to establish the trophic pathways (food sources and trophic levels) by applying carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis to the main benthic and demersal species (invertebrates and fish). Two distinct benthic communities have been identified: a muddy sand community within the central part of the bay, and an outer Bay of Biscay Ditrupa sand community of higher species richness, abundance and biomass than the muddy sand community. Deposit-feeders, suspension feeders and predators, distributed in three main trophic levels, dominate both communities. Large differences in stable carbon ratio values within the primary consumers provide evidence of two different food sources: i) a pelagic food source made up of recent sedimenting particulate organic matter on which zooplankton and suprabenthos feed and ii) a benthic detrital food source supplying deposit feeders and partly benthic suspension feeders. Differences in isotopic signatures were also observed within the upper trophic levels that allowed estimation of the contribution of each food source component to the diet of the upper consumers. Finally, the use of stable isotopic composition together with the species' feeding strategy allow identification of the main differences between the trophic functioning of the two benthic communities and highlight the importance of the role of detrital pathways in the carbon cycling within the continental shelf benthic trophic web.     

象山港大桥建设对湾内潮流特性的影响

利用潮流数学模型，分析象山港大桥工程建设前后象山港内的潮流特性和工程建设对桥区潮流变化的影响。计算结果表明，大桥建设前后港内纳潮量基本不变，湾内高潮位略有下降，桥位区流速有所增加，港湾内整体流速有所减小，但改变幅度的相对值均不超过5％。除局部地区外，工程建设对湾内的潮流特征影响较小。     

基于GSM-R的铁路平交道口管理信息系统的研究

GSM-R在我国铁路通信中的成功应用,解决了铁路传统通信系统不能解决的地、车数据传输问题,为我国道口防护信息化奠定了坚实的基础。为实现铁路平交道口安全防护的信息化,研究基于GSM-R网络上层应用分支的铁路平交道口管理信息系统是非常必要的。该系统应由“信息采集及系统管理”、“道口调度指挥和应急指挥”、“综合信息发布”3大功能单元构成,实现列车信息和道口信息的实时交换,以及道口信息在较大范围内的共享,以改善道口交通组织和提高道口防护的科技水平。     

长江中下游顺直河道水流冲刷引发崩岸的模拟试验

长江中下游河道水流冲刷引发崩岸的频次较多、危害巨大。为探究顺直河道中此类崩岸引发的过程机理,借助模拟试验展开观测和分析。崩岸过程中主要存在5种不同运动特征的水流,崩岸前后近水面附近形成的月牙形沙波可能是崩岸过程中重要的水下输沙载体,促进崩岸的持续发生,甚至促进崩岸形成。通过岸坡守护试验验证,并从防治崩岸的工程角度出发,相比于坡趾区域,近水面附近坡面的守护更能达到防治崩岸的目的,同时也应合理守护坡趾区域,避免该区域持续不断地侵蚀对远期岸坡的不利影响。     

枢纽扩建船闸工程上游设计最低通航水位的确定

上游设计最低通航水位是船闸工程建设的关键技术参数之一,直接影响船闸使用性能、投资和工期。针对已建枢纽扩建船闸工程上游设计最低通航水位取值的问题,根据株洲枢纽实测水位,进行枢纽实际最低运行水位和保证率水位的分析,对不同特征水位时二线船闸工程投资情况、一线船闸运行情况及渠化梯级间水位衔接情况进行论述,采用模型试验验证和测算投资比较的方法,得出株洲二线船闸上游设计最低通航水位宜采用38. 3 m的结论。该研究方法对山区、丘陵区枢纽扩建船闸工程具有借鉴意义。     

径流式枢纽改扩建船闸确定最低通航水位的方法

低水头径流式电站往往为不调节水库。为控制库区淹没线,洪水期常采用预泄腾空库容的方式运行,受洪水流量及持续时间不同的影响,不同时期枢纽运行的低水位变化较大,给确定船闸最低通航水位带来了复杂性。以湘江大源渡航电枢纽新建的二线船闸工程为例,采用综合历时曲线法和瞬时水位持续时间、次数进行分析,结合河段的通航实际情况,确定船闸最低通航水位,可为类似径流式枢纽确定船闸最低通航水位提供借鉴。     

低碳型集装箱港区港内道路规划方案优选

合理的港内道路路网结构及交通组织是集装箱港口作业效率提升以及节能减排的重要保证。提出利用集装箱港区生产作业智能体微观交通仿真模型模拟集装箱生产作业流程,并以集装箱港口服务水平和集卡日均碳排放成本作为指标,优选低碳型集装箱港区港内道路规划方案。应用实例表明,集装箱港区生产作业智能体微观交通仿真模型可有效模拟港内作业过程,通过对比分析不同道路规划方案下的评价指标,得到最优的港内道路规划方案,为港区道路规划与设计提供参考。     

公路发展水平评价指标的研究

通过研究传统的反映公路发展水平的公路统计指标及其存在的问题,分析反映公路发展水平的因素,提出一套全面准确合理的反映公路发展水平的综合评价指标。