人为失误与海上事故发生的机理分析

海上事故的发生与航海人员在完成航行任务和处理海上风险过程中的能力有非常密切的关系。保障此过程中的行为能有效地完成成为关键，而航海人员完成任务的能力又直接受到人为失误的影响，也就是说，人为失误的发生直接降低了人的处理能力，使航行任务归于失败。现从行为学的观点对人为失误的发生进行了初步的分析，寻求减少人为失误发生的途径。并从统计学的观点解释了由人为失误引起的海上事故发生的原因。     

纳米微粉SiO2和CaCO3对混凝土性能影响

研究了纳米CaCO3(NC)和纳米SiO2(NS)以及与硅灰(SF)复合后的混凝土的性能。试验表明:随着NS掺量的提高,混凝土拌合物的坍落度将急剧降低;NC对混凝土的和易性基本无影响。二者能够提高混凝土的早期强度,但对后期强度影响不显著。与单掺NC混凝土相比,NS和SF分别与NC复合后能够显著提高混凝土的早期强度,对后期强度有所改善。通过带能谱分析的扫描电镜的观测分析和XRD成分分析,在掺有NC的混凝土中发现有水化碳铝酸钙(CaO.3Al2O3.CaCO3.11H2O),它可能是NC与水泥中C3A水化反应后的产物,这是NC早强作用的原因之一。本文对其他的掺有NS和FS的混凝土性能机理进行了分析。     

Decadal-scale variations of trophic levels at high trophic levels in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea ecosystem

A total of 2759 stomachs collected from a bottom trawl survey carried out by R/V “Bei Dou” in the Yellow Sea between 32°00 and 36°30N in autumn 2000 and spring 2001 were examined. The trophic levels (TL) of eight dominant fish species were calculated based on stomach contents, and trophic levels of 17 dominant species in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea reported in later 1950s and mid-1980s were estimated so as to be comparable. The results indicated that the mean trophic level at high trophic levels declined from 4.06 in 1959–1960 to 3.41 in 1998–1999, or 0.16–0.19·decade^− 1 (mean 0.17·decade^− 1) in the Bohai Sea, and from 3.61 in 1985–1986 to 3.40 in 2000–2001, or 0.14·decade^− 1 in the Yellow Sea; all higher than global trend. The dominant species composition in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea changed, with the percentage of planktivorous species increases and piscivorous or omnivorous species decreases, and this was one of the main reasons for the decline in mean trophic level at high tropic levels. Another main reason was intraspecific changes in TL. Similarly, many factors caused decline of trophic levels in the dominant fish species in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. Firstly, TL of the same prey got lower, and anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) as prey was most representative. Secondly, TLs of diet composition getting lower resulted in not only decline of trophic levels but also changed feeding habits of some species, such as spotted velvetfish (Erisphex pottii) and Trichiurus muticus in the Yellow Sea. Thirdly, species size getting smaller also resulted in not only decline of trophic levels but also changed feeding habits of some species, such as Bambay duck (Harpodon nehereus) and largehead hairtail (Trichiurus haumela). Furthermore, fishing pressure and climate change may be interfering to cause fishing down the food web in the China coastal ocean.     

瓯江口水文泥沙特征分析

在大量实测资料的基础上,对瓯江口海区的地貌特征、河道径流特征、河道输沙特征、潮汐特征、潮流特征、余流特征、波浪特征、含沙量特征、泥沙来源、盐度特征、悬沙粒径和底质粒径特征、瓯江南北口的分流和分沙特征、中水道和北水道的分流和分沙特征进行了分析,根据实测资料分析得到了瓯江口挟沙力公式,得到了平衡水深公式,为瓯江河口的工程开发建设和科学研究提供了基础资料。主要研究成果表明:(1)瓯江口的潮汐属正规半日潮类型,平均潮差在4 m以上,属强潮河口;(2)潮流属正规浅海半日潮流类型,呈往复流动,潮流动力强;(3)瓯江为少沙河流,多年平均年悬移质输沙量为205.1万t;(4)瓯江南北口的平均涨潮分流比为21%和79%,落潮平均分流比为26%和74%;(5)瓯江南北口的平均涨潮分沙比为20%和80%,落潮平均分流沙比为22%和78%。     

城市轨道交通突发大客流对车站客运服务水平的影响简

文章分析突发大客流对车站服务水平的影响及原因，以此为基础构建突发大客流对车站服务水平的影响模型，最后有针对性地提出应对措施，确保车站乘客安全和运营秩序正常。     

基于试验场道路的变速器台架载荷谱研究

通过实车采集试验样车在试验场道路上行驶时的CAN BUS数据,可直接获得发动机转速、扭矩和档位等信号;把传统的载荷-时间频次关系,转变为载荷-发动机飞轮旋转频次关系,同时记录各载荷等级对应的各个挡位的频次,这样可获得在各个档位下,不同载荷等级对应转速区间内的飞轮旋转频次,根据齿轮材料的S-N曲线和疲劳累积Miner理论,计算出各档位的疲劳强度,然后基本疲劳损伤等效原理选取各档位下产生较大疲劳强度的扭矩和转速,作为台架试验输入的载荷和转速,可有效避免载荷和转速选取的盲目性,为科学的制定台架试验载荷谱提供了依据。     

沿河市政道路的选线与设计

该文首先简要介绍了贵阳市双中心多组团发展的结构形式;其次在对现状交通进行分析的基础上详细阐述了贵阳市中心城与乌当区的第二条联系通道水东路的设计方案;最后提出了设计中存在的问题及应采取的措施。     

锚索修复大变形抗滑桩预应力上、下限值计算方法

施加预应力锚索是修复大变形抗滑桩工程常用的技术之一，而锚索预应力的计算是修复工程设计的关键。基于弹性桩基本理论定义"大变形抗滑桩"概念，界定抗滑桩修复工程中锚索预应力上、下限值对应的桩顶位移状态；以修复上、下限状态的桩顶位移为设计目标，将抗滑桩自由段假定为悬臂梁，嵌固段假定为弹性地基梁，利用桩-索位移变形协调条件，分别推导锚索预应力上、下限值表达式，并将所提计算方法应用于预应力锚索修复大变形抗滑桩模型试验。结果表明：采用所提计算方法与模型试验获得的锚索预应力上、下限值误差仅6%，施加预应力锚索改善了大变形抗滑桩桩身受力性能，修复效果较好，验证了此方法的合理性。现场工程应用表明：某特大滑坡大变形抗滑桩桩顶位移得到有效遏制，抗滑桩工程处于稳定状态，进一步印证了所提方法的正确性。     

Legal regulation of autonomous driving technology: Current conditions and issues in Japan

In Japan, the Road Transport Vehicle Act and the Road Traffic Act were revised after consideration of autonomous driving vehicles operating on public roads. These revisions have considerably reduced the legal obstacles to the operation of autonomous driving vehicles with technology comparable to SAE level 3 on public roads significantly.To consider the remaining legal matters that could arise while autonomous vehicle is running, the newly amended acts are worth examining. In interpreting the purpose and the details included in the amendments, the key concepts for allowing running of the autonomous vehicle such as that of a driver, the operational design domain (ODD) and the related concepts are reviewed.     

关于地铁中漏泄同轴电缆的选择、配置和建议

简要介绍了漏泄同轴电缆的原理和基本性能,提出了以提高接收电平作勾选择和配置漏泄同轴电缆基本要求的计算方法,并举出了实例,还提出了建议。