路面改造项目橡胶沥青施工技术

结合常武路路面白改黑施工实践,介绍了橡胶沥青在改造项目上的应用,重点在其材料与结构特性上加以分析、研究与总结,以便正确指导施工,有效控制施工质量,顺利完成本项路面改造比较特殊的任务。     

模糊分析法在公路边坡稳定性评价中的应用

山区某高等级公路沿线存在大量挖方路堑高边坡,边些边坡的失稳问题已严重影响公路施工和后期的运营。运用模糊(fuzzy)分析理论对典型挖方边坡的稳定性进行了分析,得出的结论与现场观察的边坡变形破坏迹象相吻合。     

选择性催化还原技术在船舶上应用的现状分析

本文首先介绍了IMO NOx排放规则,指出SCR技术是目前最有效的应对措施。在介绍SCR系统基本组成及工作原理的基础上,讨论了目前此领域的两个研究热点:在重质燃油的使用条件下和二冲程柴油机使用条件下的SCR系统所面临的问题。     

Disused shrimp ponds: Options for redevelopment of mangroves

Associated with the rapid increase in the production of cultured marine shrimp has been large‐scale conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds. Production in many regions has proved to be unsustainable, largely due to inappropriate construction methods, poor environmental conditions, overstocking, and disease. A number of shrimp ponds consequently are unproductive and lie idle. Accurate assessments of pond disuse are difficult to obtain; however, unofficial estimates have suggested that as many as 70% of ponds may be disused after a period in production. Pond construction, shrimp culture, and pond disuse lead to alterations to the physical and chemical properties of soil, hydrological conditions, and the flora and fauna composition of the pond area. The case for restoration, or rehabilitation to a sustainable use, is strong. Consideration must be given to the causes of production failure, the environmental conditions remaining following disuse, the needs and preferences of pond owners and coastal managers, and technical constraints.     

xPON技术在铁路视频监控系统的应用前景简

xPON作为新一代光纤接入技术,在抗干扰性、带宽特性、接入距离、维护管理等方面均具有巨大优势,将成为一种主流宽带接入技术,并在铁路视频监控系统中有很广阔的应用前景.     

预应力智能张拉系统在预制箱梁中的应用

桥梁工程预应力结构采用智能张拉系统,可有效建立结构预应力体系,避免传统张拉弊端,提高预应力张拉精度,大大降低了桥梁全寿命周期成本,值得大力推广应用.     

冲击碾压技术在高速公路施工中的应用

在公路工程施工中，冲击碾压技术不仅能够使路基的强度和密实度得到提升，而且还可以使成本降低、沉降减小、施工效率提高。就高速公路施工中冲击碾压技术的原理和应用实例进行探讨，具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

船舶蓄电池的使用与维护

阐述电解液溢出对船舶蓄电池的危害,分析引起蓄电池电解液溢出的原因,探寻发生电解液溢出蓄电池的分布规律,针对船舶蓄电池的使用及维护提出建议。     

A Training Framework for Understanding Conflict in the Coastal Zone

The coastal zone is attractive for human settlement because it tends to be resource rich, providing a good location to generate incomes and livelihoods. Equally, however, it is a complex and powerful natural environment, which means that the coastal zone often becomes a focus of conflict with multiple users competing for limited space and resources. Understanding the causes of, and determining solutions to, the ensuing problems requires inputs from a range of analyses across sectors and disciplines. However, different disciplinary and sectoral approaches frequently use different investigative methods, language, and means of presenting results. This article presents a framework that has been developed in collaboration with Indian institutions over the past three years in an effort to address some of these fundamental problems of analysis and translation into policy action. Key components addressed by the framework are strengthening the capacity to practice, knowing how to proceed and how to find out what needs to be known using experience-based problem solving.     

Marine Protected Area Costs as “Beneficial” Fisheries Subsidies: A Global Evaluation

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are now generally accepted as important tools in the protection of coastal biodiversity. It is also likely that they play a positive role in enhancing fisheries. Yet currently, less than 1% of the global oceans are protected, although international agreements have targets ranging from 10–30% coverage. Despite its minuscule size, we consider the current MPA “network” to be beneficial to fisheries, and its running or maintenance cost, therefore, to be a positive contribution to the sustainability of fisheries, or a “beneficial” subsidy (“harmful” subsidies enhance fishing capacity and effort). A method was derived from data in Balmford et al. (PNAS, 101: 9694–9697) to estimate the annual cost of maintaining MPAs as a function of their size, and of the degree of development of the country in question. We provide national costs of the 53 countries that jointly contribute 95% of global fisheries catch and, assuming that this type of subsidy, in a given country, cannot exceed 15% of the ex-vessel value of its fisheries catches, estimated a global MPA subsidy to fisheries of 870 million US$. Given that total subsidies to fisheries currently range from 30–34 billion US$ annually (without MPA costs), this amounts to only 2.5–2.8% of total subsidies to fisheries being devoted explicitly to the maintenance of the biodiversity that sustains them.