离心风机仿生蜗舌降噪效果试验研究

提取长耳鸮羽翼组织降噪特征元素,设计耦合吸声结构蜗舌,降低离心风机的噪声。根据仿生学原理,仿生蜗舌形态单元包括微缝板、穿孔板和空腔,从降噪机理分析后发现三者耦合作用可以吸声降噪,并对离心风机性能参数影响不大。进行对比试验研究,结果表明:在额定工况下,装有仿生蜗舌的离心风机的总声压级LA比原型风机降低0.5 d B,其他工况最高可降低2.5 d B,说明仿生蜗舌是一种有效的降噪方案,其仿生形态单元尺寸与降噪效果的关系有待进一步研究。     

基于FSA方法的秦皇岛港通航环境评估

文中通过FSA方法,分析构成海事事故的危险因素,提出实际有效的风险控制措施,基于有效性和经济性评估风险控制方案,从而得到最后的选择结果,完成本次基于FSA的秦皇岛港通航安全的研究。     

Lubrication and tribology in seawater hydraulic piston pump

Water hydraulic systems have provoked major interest because of the human friendly and environmental safety aspects. Piston pump is one of the most frequently used hydraulic units in recent engineering technique. In water hydraulic piston pump, poor lubrication is more likely to happen than in oil hydraulic one because of difference in properties between water and oil. So there are some key problems such as corrosive wear and erosion, which are investigated briefly. Many new materials have been developed, which give longer life expectancies with water without corrosion and erosion. A new type of seawater hydraulic piston pumps with better suction characteristics had been developed at HUST. Much of this research has concentrated on new materials, structure and experiments, which are also specially introduced.     

地源热泵技术在高速公路节能减排建设中的应用适应性探析

根据地源热泵技术原理，结合高速公路应用特点，从系统选型、设备选型、服务水平、使用寿命、维护管理、节能效果多个角度探讨了地源热泵在高速公路中的适应性问题，初步得出地源热泵适用于高速公路建设并值得进一步研究推广的结论。     

An Overview of Spatial Management and Marine Protected Areas in the East China Sea

Marine ecosystems of the East China Sea are rich in biodiversity, with 12,933 species of which approximately 47.7% are endemic. As anthropogenic impacts are intensifying, fishery resources and biodiversity in the East China Sea are under threat from overfishing, habitat loss, pollution, and biological invasions. Marine protected areas (MPAs) and other spatial management measures are believed useful tools to protect and restore biological resources. Seventeen nature reserves, seven special marine reserves, and three fishery resource conservation zones covering a combined area of 102,156 km² have so far been established in the Chinese East China Sea in order to protect fishery resources, biodiversity, and marine landscapes. This article provides a review and inventory of MPAs in the Chinese East China Sea as implemented by the People's Republic of China.     

我国渔业物流船队的发展历程与经验启示

发展海洋渔业可以缓解国家粮食安全压力,拓宽中国海洋渔业发展空间,维护国家海洋权益。专业化渔业物流船队是保障和支撑海洋渔业发展的重要组成部分,文章从不同的服务对象角度对渔业物流船队进行了划分,详细介绍了各类型渔业物流船队的发展历程、主要做法和取得的成效,指出了我国的渔业物流船船龄大,装备陈旧,自动化程度低和信息化水平弱等严重制约我国渔业物流船队发展的问题,提出了全面推进渔业物流船队的专业化建设、推动渔业物流船装备自动化革新、提升渔业物流船的信息化水平等实现渔业现代化的经验启示。     

船用HND三燃料发动机研究进展及发展趋势探讨

由于船用发动机节能减排的需要,使用清洁能源作为替代燃料成为一个重要的发展方向。结合国内外针对氢-天然气-柴油(HND)三燃料发动机的研究,分析此类发动机燃烧性能和排放性能。增加氢气在混合燃料中的比例使得发动机缸内压力峰值提升,缸内温度增加,有助于提高发动机效率和机动性;一氧化碳、二氧化碳、总碳氢排放随氢气比例的升高而减少;氮氧化物排放有所增加;颗粒物排放显著减少。随着氢能源战略的发展,船用HND三燃料发动机在未来有望得到商业化推广应用。     

开槽蜗舌对离心风机流场特性的影响

针对风机叶轮射流尾迹与蜗舌产生的动静干涉流场的特性,研究风机内部动静干涉流场的相互作用机制.以某离心风机为研究对象,通过对传统蜗舌的结构进行改进,在叶轮出口长度对应的蜗舌展向长度范围内开槽,采用数值计算的方法分析开槽结构的槽宽、槽深和间距等参数对离心风机的气动特性和风机内部流场分布的影响规律.计算结果表明:开槽蜗舌有助于改善风机的运行效率,减小尾迹对蜗舌前缘的冲击,延缓蜗舌下游边界层的流动分离,削弱叶轮与蜗舌之间的动静干涉作用,抑制蜗壳壁面的非定常压力脉动.     

Inshore Stocks of Atlantic Cod Are Important for Rebuilding the East Coast Fishery

Cod (Gadus morhua) inhabit not only the famous fishing banks of the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf, but also inshore waters from Labrador to New England. Relatively little is known about the life history of inshore cod, their historic levels of abundance, and their relationship to offshore stocks. Inshore cod stocks along the East Coast should be managed under a new paradigm that recognizes the importance of these fish to the stock complex. Recently documented fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) suggests inshore stocks of cod may exist along the Newfoundland and Labrador coastline that have yet to be scientifically documented. Coastal communities adjacent to the local population of cod in Gilbert Bay, Labrador have initiated efforts to protect and manage this stock locally through a co-management approach. The Gilbert Bay experience, FEK, and related science and education could provide insight into ways to protect and enhance the health of local stocks remaining along the northeast coast of North America.     

Examining Residents’ Proximity,Recreational Use,and Perceptions Regarding Proposed Aquaculture Development

Competing interests related to marine resources have the potential to create conflict in the coastal zone. In many parts of the world marine farms exist in close proximity to areas that support recreation and tourism. The purpose of this study was to examine residents’ perceptions of proposed marine farm development related to their proximity to, and recreational use of, a coastal area in New Zealand. Residents from two areas were surveyed about their recreational use of the region and about perceptions related to marine farm development. Results indicated that those living closest to proposed marine farms used the area more often and in different ways, were most sensitive to marine farm development, and were less positive in their evaluations of marine farms, despite agreeing that marine farms can have positive economic consequences for nearby communities. Implications for using stakeholder input for the planning and management of marine farms are discussed.