Global force potential of over-actuated vehicles

This paper formulates force constraints of over-actuated road vehicles. In particular, focus is put on different vehicle configurations provided with electrical drivelines. It is demonstrated that a number of vehicles possesses non-convex tyre and actuator constraints, which have an impact on the way in which the actuators are to be used. By mapping the actuator forces to a space on a global level, the potential of the vehicle motion is investigated for the vehicles studied. It is concluded that vehicles with individual drive, compared with individual brakes only, have a great potential to yaw motion even under strong lateral acceleration.     

Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness: Progress and Lessons in the Philippines

Quantifying progress in management of marine protected areas (MPAs) is crucial to marine conservation and fisheries management in the Philippines. This study compiles data on the status, occurrence, and management gaps of MPAs through coordination with multiple organizations supporting and guiding MPAs in the Philippines. MPA management effectiveness was measured using a MPA Rating System. Since 2002 the modal MPA rating levels increased from level 1 (initiated) to level 4 (sustained) in 2008/9. This upward trend is attributed to factors that promoted both the establishment and improved management of MPAs. Analysis indicated that: (1) most MPAs struggle with budgetary constraints or lack of sustainable financing and (2) overall the MPAs are being maintained and progressing with notable improvement in management despite a range of difficulties encountered during the implementation process. For MPAs in the Visayan Region for which biophysical data were available, the MPA Rating System was used to assess the effectiveness of local government capacity building on MPA coral reef health. Our results suggest that MPAs with higher ratings are likely to have better reef health conditions.     

Two-MPA Model for Siting a Marine Protected Area: Bahamian Case

This article recommends the parallel but separate modeling of nature-based and people-based marine protected areas (MPA) before the design and siting stages of establishing an MPA. Separate but simultaneous modeling of ideal nature and people MPAs permits each to be maximized for its own variables and subsequently compared to identify conflicts and agreements. The case that supports this recommendation is in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, where the study conducted 572 interviews with people from six traditional settlements in the central Exumas Islands and Cays. The research is focused on why members of these settlements differentially responded to three nearby national MPA proposals.     

雅阁2010年EX2.0L自动档轿车电气装置

介绍本田雅阁2010年款EX2.0L自动档(非导航版)轿车常用电气装置的名称、作用、特点和操作方法等,对与行车安全相关的部分作特别提示。     

Performance Indicator Importance in MPA Management Using a Multi-Criteria Approach

Much has been written about the usefulness of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a management tool. Their performance has been measured using biological and ecological indicators. However, objectives of management also include economic and social responsibilities. As such, stakeholder objectives in MPA management are frequently incompatible. This has been attributed to the variety of stakeholders with an interest in how MPAs are managed. This article considers the development of a performance indicator hierarchy for the Egadi Islands Marine Reserve, and a multi-criteria approach implemented to define compromise positions between stakeholders in decision-making. Data was obtained from a pairwise comparison survey using the analytic hierarchy process to investigate preferences of stakeholder groups for performance indicators in evaluating marine protected area management. The analysis showed that although there are five key stakeholder groups, none are homogenous in prioritizing performance indicators and that none are clear with respect to what the MPA means for them.     

What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?

The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region.The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.     

基于SolidWorks的船舶柴油机虚拟装配及运转

在使用SolidWorks软件完成船舶柴油机装配体设计的基础上,再利用其动画制作功能,可实现船舶柴油机的虚拟装配及运动仿真.仿真结果直观、生动、形象,可验证装配序列和装配路径的可行性、分析最佳装配次序、确定最优装配路径,从而缩短柴油机的装配周期和提高柴油机的装配质量.     

某款电动汽车充电辐射与传导整改案例浅析

车载充电系统具有高效率高功率密度等特点,其在运行过程中的电磁兼容问题日益突出。本文以某款电动汽车进行ECE R10.05充电辐射与充电传导不合格试验项目为研究对象。通过理论分析与工程经验,对样车进行针对性整改后,解决相应问题,使其满足ECE R10.05标准的要求。     

安凯G6型纯电动客车设计开发

简述安凯G6型纯电动客车的市场前景、设计思路、技术方案,以及动力系统的选型和性能参数设计,并进行仿真分析和实验验证。     

小型电力推进船舶电力系统谐波抑制的仿真研究

建立了小型电力推进系统谐波分析的数学模型,进行了谐波抑制装置的设计;利用MATLAB,采用分层结构和模块化设计实现了该系统和谐波抑制装置的数字仿真。仿真结果证明了该仿真模型和设计方法的正确性。