Stop-and-go traffic analysis: Theoretical properties,environmental impacts and oscillation mitigation

This study aims (i) to analyze theoretical properties of a recently proposed describing-function (DF) based approach (Li and Ouyang, 2011; Li et al., 2012) for traffic oscillation quantification, (ii) to adapt it for estimating fuel consumption and emission from traffic oscillation and (iii) to explore vehicle control strategies of smoothing traffic with advanced technologies. The DF approach was developed to predict traffic oscillation propagation across a platoon of vehicles following each other by a nonlinear car-following law with only the leading vehicle’s input. We first simplify the DF approach and prove a set of properties (e.g., existence and uniqueness of its solution) that assure its prediction is always consistent with observed traffic oscillation patterns. Then we integrate the DF approach with existing estimation models of fuel consumption and emission to analytically predict environmental impacts (i.e., unit-distance fuel consumption and emission) from traffic oscillation. The prediction results by the DF approach are validated with both computer simulation and field measurements. Further, we explore how to utilize advantageous features of emerging sensing, communication and control technologies, such as fast response and information sharing, to smooth traffic oscillation and reduce its environmental impacts. We extend the studied car-following law to incorporate these features and apply the DF approach to demonstrate how these features can help dampen the growth of oscillation and environmental impact measurements. For information sharing, we convert the corresponding extended car-following law into a new fixed point problem and propose a simple bisecting based algorithm to efficiently solve it. Numerical experiments show that these new car-following control strategies can effectively suppress development of oscillation amplitude and consequently mitigate fuel consumption and emission.     

高性能海工混凝土预制T梁外观质量控制

以福州市渔平高速公路工程为依托,通过对赤表特大桥及东瀚互通主线右线桥高性能C50海工混凝土预制T梁施工过程中出现的外观质量病害进行原因分析和总结,进行工艺改进和优化混凝土配合比,最终在混凝土构件外观质量控制上取得了很好的成效.     

Island Villagers’ Willingness to Work or Pay for Sustainability of a Marine Fishery Reserve: Case of San Miguel Island,Philippines

Establishment of marine reserves or marine protected areas (MPAs) has emerged as a major coastal resource management tool in the Philippines. A major sustainability constraint is the enforcement of MPA and fisheries regulations. We contribute to the literature of using stated preference methods to investigate the local residents’ willingness to work (WTW) and willingness to pay (WTP) for the continued existence of the San Miguel Island (SMI) fishery reserve in Bicol Region, Philippines. We surveyed 435 respondents in three villages. The lower-bound mean WTW is 3.5 days/mo for residents in the “owner” village and 1.9 days/mo for residents in adjacent villages. Using a fraction of mean daily income to impute the monetary equivalent of WTW, the result is more than 3 times higher than the Php16 to 25/mo (US$0.34 to 0.75/mo) estimated mean WTP. We hypothesize that labor market in this rural village is incomplete so residents have stronger preference for money than for time. However, further investigation on the opportunity cost of time and understanding the labor market is warranted when using WTW in a valuation framework. Some policy implications are: (1) considering use of voluntary labor as management option for MPAs and (2) establishing “own village” MPAs may increase residents’ conservation value.     

新能源汽车续驶里程焦虑及维修技术研究

续驶里程焦虑是新能源汽车售后市场抱怨最多的问题。文章从售后角度分析了导致续驶里程焦虑的原因及维修排查技术,提出了一些建议性措施。旨在为售后相关人员提供一定的理论指导,从而推动售后市场更好的发展。     

浅谈水闸工程中的消能防冲计算

消能防冲计算是水闸工程设计中的重要环节,消力池、海漫段、防冲槽等消能防冲设施的结构尺寸都需要通过计算确定.水闸设计规范给出了相应的消能防冲计算公式.结合工程实例,从计算水位组合的选取、河道不冲流速及允许流量的计算、闸门开度及过闸流量的确定、消能防冲计算过程、消能防冲设施布置等几个方面对水闸工程中的消能防冲计算及消能防冲设施设计进行了简要介绍.     

孤石与基岩爆破处理对泥水盾构掘进参数的影响分析

为有效降低海底复杂地层中盾构开挖范围内遇到的孤石或基岩突起对盾构刀具的损坏程度,降低施工风险和提高施工效率,以台山核电站1#、2#海底取水隧洞工程为依托,采用钻探和物探的方法确定孤石和基岩的分布规律,并制定陆地和海面钻孔爆破处理方案。通过对孤石群和基岩段爆破前后盾构掘进过程中的掘进速度、每环掘进时间、掘进推力等掘进参数进行对比分析可知： 1）爆破后基岩段盾构掘进速度提高了约68.2%,平均每环掘进时间节省了约45.1%,平均掘进推力降低了约11.5%; 2）孤石群爆破段与正常掘进段盾构参数基本一致; 3）孤石群和基岩爆破达到了预期效果,消除了基岩突起和孤石群对盾构掘进的威胁,保证了盾构掘进的顺利施工。     

水下滑翔机的研究现状与面临的挑战

随着海洋科学研究的加深,水下滑翔机作为一种新型的无人水下航行器在经济、军事方面的价值逐渐凸显。首先介绍了水下滑翔机的研究意义以及分类情况,对水下滑翔机的研究现状以及国内外取得的具有代表性的成果进行了概括调研。然后对水下滑翔机的发展进行了分析,最后对低功耗水下滑翔机未来发展面临的导航问题、能源问题、控制问题以及通讯问题进行了讨论,提出了水下滑翔机技术的发展方向建议。     

MMAS in Belize

This article is part of a special issue that provides insight into global conservation science by analyzing a 5-year, $12.5 million global marine conservation science and policy program. In this article, we summarize the development of the program in Belize, which concentrated its effort in the southern portion of the country. The marine managed areas that developed in Belize took a variety of different forms, and involved a number of different government and private sector agencies and organizations.     

MMAS in Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape

This article is part of a special issue that provides insight into global conservation science by analyzing a 5-year, $12.5 million global marine conservation science and policy program. In this article, we summarize the development of the program in Coiba Island in the Gulf of Chiriquí Panama, and the Galapagos islands of Ecuador, both part of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape. In Panama, the history of Coiba island as a federal penal colony shaped the process and outcome of the program. In the Galapagos, the unique science history of the islands and subsequent international recognition influenced the outcomes of regional marine managed areas.     

“鹰式一号”波浪能发电装置研究

为了在波浪能流密度较低的中国海域开发利用波浪能,研发了具有半潜驳特征的鹰式波浪能转换装置。以成功实现了在实海况条件下的稳定运行的"鹰式一号"波浪能发电装置为实例,首先分别介绍了装置总体的三个组成部分,并指出了各部分的设计要点;其次,阐述了能量转换系统研究重点转换原理、液压自治控制器的功能;再次,通过对比传统锚泊系统与装置采用的蓄能型锚泊系统,表明后者可有效地避免锚链断裂和走锚;最后,展示了实海况试验的图片资料,分析了大量试验数据,结果表明,"鹰式一号"波浪能发电装置实现了将高频不稳定的波浪能转换为相对稳定的电能的目标。