浅谈轮机工程专业实训课音像库建设

分析了现阶段轮机工程专业实训课理论实践结合不紧密、学时分配欠妥当、实践实训设备不足等教学当中出现的问题.提出了轮机工程专业实训课建立音像库的意义和必要性.     

Lessons from a Multi-Scale Historical Reconstruction of Newfoundland and Labrador Fisheries

In this article we use a multi-scale, multi-method historical reconstruction of post– World War II social-ecological interactions within fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador to explore the dynamics of intensification, expansion, and resource degradation in managed fisheries. Our case study draws on landings statistics, other archival information, and the Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of fish harvesters to explore these linked dynamics at the macro, meso, and micro levels. By some measures we found large scale trends toward intensification of effort leading to over-harvesting at macro (province wide) levels. At the same time, at the local level (micro-scale) and across sectors and regions (the meso-scale), we found highly fluid fishing practices and a complex suite of stated motivations for change. As a basis for effective governance, an understanding of the dynamics of interactive restructuring in social ecological systems will require multi-scale analyses that are sensitive to this complexity.     

我国海上油污事件中纯经济损失赔偿的立法现状及未来构想

文中在介绍我国目前在海上油污事故赔偿方面的立法状况的基础上，分析了我国目前立法中存在的问题，进而指出中国未来加入《基金公约》的合理性以及从国际公约中借鉴相关标准制定专门的海上油污单行立法的必要性．     

含皱折船用气瓶安全评价与剩余寿命预测

为了解决含皱折类缺陷船用气瓶后续使用问题,以含裂纹缺陷结构强度理论研究为基础,对船用气瓶制造过程中出现的皱折缺陷进行合理化表征,运用理论计算和有限元分析方法对含皱折缺陷船用气瓶进行安全评价和剩余寿命预测,获得了保证气瓶安全使用的皱折临界尺寸,并通过人工预制皱折疲劳试验验证了理论计算结果的合理性。结果表明,当初始皱折深度≤5mm,船用气瓶可安全使用至下一周期。     

A Race for Marine Space: Science,Values, and Aquaculture Planning in New Zealand

New Zealand (NZ) has developed a coastal management framework that includes large watersheds and territorial waters (out to 12 nautical miles). The article describes the developing conflicts associated with the biophysical and epistemological dimensions of expanding coastal marine space for aquaculture. We first review aquaculture policy in NZ, and recent evidence of the biophysical impacts from increasing terrestrial inputs on marine ecosystems. We provide a case study of conflict over a recent proposal to expand salmon aquaculture in the Marlborough Sounds, which covers some 4,000 km² of sounds, islands, and peninsulas. Based on information and data from interviews of stakeholders involved in the aquaculture planning, we describe three diverse epistemologies of science—client-based science, civic science, and Māori traditional ecological knowledge. We conclude the article with a critical review of how to better resolve spatial conflicts that often emerge in coastal management and planning.     

The Arctic Shipping and Environmental Management Agreement: A Regime for Marine Pollution

Climate change is predicted to have particularly challenging impacts throughout the Arctic. For instance, there is a great probability of sea ice melting, leading to increased vessel traffic and oil pollution. Eight major nation-states have vested concerns in the potential opening of Arctic sea routes. They each have pledged to take protective action through the Arctic Council. However, there is still a need to develop an international institution to simultaneously address Arctic marine pollution and protect the needs of these states. This article seeks to design a legally binding regime for oil pollution control in the Arctic. In creating this new regime, we shall utilize several shared design elements of historically effective international regimes and take advantage of the legal innovations of these agreements. Our new regime, entitled the Arctic Shipping and Environmental Management Agreement (ASEMA), will take into account both the economic and environmental interests of the parties involved.     

船用柴油机的现状及发展趋势

从船用柴油机的市场、产品、技术等方面介绍了柴油机的现状及发展动向。论述当前国外气缸直径160 mm以上,单机功率大于1000 kW的大功率低速、中速、高速柴油机的总体技术水平、技术发展概况,特别是在提高可靠性、改善其低工况特性、降低其排放和智能柴油机等方面进行阐述,并预测今后的发展趋势。     

Investigating Information Requirements for Evaluating Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas—Indonesian Case Studies

Identifying the information needs of managers and other stakeholders is an important first step in designing an evaluation of management effectiveness for marine protected areas (MPAs) that will be relevant to local circumstances and useful for improving management practices. Information requirements for evaluating effectiveness were investigated at two MPAs in Indonesia. Results show that, despite similar management objectives, information needs for evaluation differ between sites and those differences reflect the unique context within which management operates in each case. The scope of information needs at each site covers a broad range of issues including context, planning, resources, processes, outputs, and outcomes. Relevant components of a variety of different evaluation tools will need to be used to satisfy information needs at these sites. Evaluation tools that are based primarily on stated management objectives or the expressed views of a few key stakeholders are unlikely to be very useful for improving management in these cases.     

基于突变机理的海上交通事故致因研究

为预防海上交通事故,必须建立海上安全预控机制.首先定性分析海上交通事故的致因,利用突变理论对海上交通事故进行定义,然后对海上交通安全系统的突变状态进行研究,进而建立了海上交通安全系统的尖点突变模型.基于模型分析了海上交通事故的动态致因机理,最后探讨了突变理论在海上交通风险预控中的应用.     

船用增压锅炉过热器内流场数值模拟与流量分配规律研究

针对某船用增压锅炉过热器结构复杂的特点，用PRO／E建立了过热器内蒸汽空间的整体三维模型，选择更合理的边界条件，以流体力学基本方程组和标准的k—ε双方程湍流模型为数学模型，对不同结构参数的过热器蒸汽流场分别进行了整体三维数值模拟，直接得到并联各管蒸汽质量流量分配规律。分析、归纳并验证了影响流量偏差的各种结构因素。计算结果表明，该型过热器采用细密管束沿集箱轴向均匀进汽，并将第二、三流程沿炉膛宽度方向分隔成三部分的特殊结构，能显著减小各部分的流量偏差与热负荷偏差，并利用倾斜挡板减缓了集箱腔体内沿流向的静压下降幅度，使流量偏差与炉膛热负荷分布保持一致。挡板形状和流程布置方式有利于减小过热器管束的壁温差异。当保持过热器的其它结构特征（流程布置方式、挡板型式、管束引入引出方式和位置等）不变时，流量分配不均匀性取决于单位集箱长度上的支管总横截面积与集箱横截面积之比，以及支管平均长度与集箱长度之比两个参数，前者越小，或后者越大，则支管流量分配越均匀。计算方法和结果对于过热器结构优化设计有重要参考价值，并为建立流量偏差同结构参数之间的通用性关联式奠定了基础。