The Role of Indigenous Resurgence in Marine Conservation

Abstract

Indigenous peoples’ efforts toward environmental conservation are indivisible from their cultural identity and their social and political organizations. Indigenous resurgence, including the reinvigoration and reestablishment of Indigenous ways of living, are linked to the management, restoration, and conservation of marine and coastal ecosystems around the world. However, there remains a significant gap in the recognition and support of Indigenous governance systems in international policy discussions regarding conservation work. As a way to address this gap, we offer an analysis of marine Indigenous community-led conservation initiatives from around the world that were recipients of the UNDP Equator Prize, framed by initial research on Indigenous-led conservation in British Columbia, Canada. We highlight specific Indigenous governance strategies undertaken by such communities that foster both marine resource conservation and stewardship. The strategies we identified included practicing Indigenous traditional resource management, protection of traditional territories, Indigenous-led actions of environmental conservation, and data collection and monitoring. We also identified networking and collaboration with non-Indigenous supporters, as was reinvestment into education and capacity-building within the community. We conclude with concrete policy suggestions drawn from these cases that can help strengthen the leadership and self-determination of Indigenous peoples on local resource and environmental issues, and aid in much broader conservation efforts globally.     

Development of a Model for Enhancing Justice in MPA Designation and Zoning and its Application to Taiwan’s South Penghu Marine National Park

Abstract

Multi-purpose marine protected areas (MPAs) are prevalent world-wide as institutional mechanisms deployed in the marine environment to manage multiple uses, conserve resources and protect ecosystems. Yet some people may experience disadvantage following the implementation of new MPAs. One understudied aspect of MPAs is the distribution of advantages and disadvantages and how best to address the “justice” concerns that they raise. This article identifies a framework of principles, methods and tools to address these concerns. It devises a “MPA justice model” and demonstrates its applicability to a Taiwanese case study. In 2014, Taiwan proclaimed its first multiple-purpose MPA, the South Penghu Marine National Park and the case study shows ways that the MPA’s socio-economic sustainability could have been better accomplished. The article focuses on future MPA establishment that incorporates distributional fairness and procedural legitimacy into MPA site designation and zoning design - but might also be adapted to use retrospectively in MPA review processes.     

How Are Our MPAs Doing? Challenges in Assessing Global Patterns in Marine Protected Area Performance

Without effective management, protected areas are unlikely to achieve the high expectations the conservation and development sectors have for them: conserving biodiversity and alleviating poverty. Numerous marine protected area (MPA) assessment initiatives have been developed at various spatial and temporal scales, including the guidebook How is your MPA doing? These management assessments have been useful to sites to clarify and evaluate their objectives, yet efforts to examine broader regional or global patterns in MPA performance are only beginning. The authors conducted exploratory trend analyses on How is your MPA doing? indicator data collected by 24 MPAs worldwide to identify challenges and areas for future work. Wide variability across sites with regard to the indicators examined and the constructs used to measure them prevented a true meta-analysis. Managers assessed biophysical indicators more often than socioeconomic and governance constructs. Investment by the conservation community to support collecting and reporting high-quality data at the site level would enable a better understanding of the variation in MPA performance, clarify the contribution of MPAs to both biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation, and help drive better MPA performance. The absence of rigorous and consistent monitoring protocols and instruments and a platform to turn raw MPA monitoring data into actionable information is a critical but under-recognized obstacle to cross-project learning, comparative analyses, and adaptive resource management.     

观光潜水器发展现状与展望

观光潜水器是能够运载乘客在水下运行、浮出水面并保持水面航行的自航运载器。观光潜水器已广泛地应用于当今的海洋旅游产业。文章首先对观光潜水器的发展历程和现状进行了介绍,然后按不同系统对观光潜水器进行了分析,最后对观光潜水器的发展前景进行了展望。     

大功率天然气船用主机控制系统研究

从分析纯天然气船用主机启动、监测、调速、安全保护控制功能入手,并探讨了天然气燃料主机的系统配置框架结构和负载变化区域内的调速控制模式,设计出了一种符合船级社规范的新型大功率天然气主机控制系统,并突出了该控制系统的可靠性和负荷控制的稳定性、快速响应等特点。     

狗骨头扰流装置对海洋立管涡激振动抑制的数值模拟研究

按照流体力学基本理论,将抑制风振的狗骨头型装置引进到抑制海洋立管的涡激振动上,并采用ANSYSCFX三维流固耦合方法对该装置的抑制效果进行检验。数值模拟检验结果表明：该抑振装置不仅有效降低了横向涡激振动响应,而且也抑制了纵向激励。     

基于黑龙江海事局辖区特点建设海事地理信息系统之浅见

2011年黑龙江海事局着手建设黑龙江海事局(干线)海事地理信息系统。该系统的建设对于黑龙江海事局信息化建设具有重要意义。文中就电子示意江图的应用;AIS、VTS、CCTV三种技术交互式使用;"海事通"移动执法平台的设计;GIS平台综合应用等方面展开讨论,系统地分析了黑龙江海事局(干线)海事地理信息系统的特性与应用前景。     

含裂纹船用气瓶安全评价及剩余寿命预测

针对船用气瓶使用过程中出现的疲劳失效问题,开展含裂纹气瓶安全评价及剩余寿命预测研究,通过疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,得到疲劳裂纹扩展速率公式。对3种典型尺寸表面裂纹进行理论计算,获得船用气瓶安全评定结果和临界裂纹尺寸,并通过3种人工预制裂纹疲劳试验和安全评价验证理论公式的合理性。评定结果表明：当初始裂纹深度[a]≤1.5 mm,长度[2c]≤10 mm时,船用气瓶可安全使用至下一周期。     

基于CBI教学理念的轮机英语教学改革

本文从CBI教学理念的引入与专业英语教学改革的有效实践出发,结合轮机英语教学改革的现实背景,以轮机英语课程设计为例,运用CBI教学理念,尝试提出轮机英语教学改革的方案,以期达到提高轮机专业知识和英语能力的双重目标,进而推动轮机英语教学改革。     

深圳沿江高速公路大体积承台海工混凝土设计与应用

以深圳沿江高速公路第III合同段施工项目为背景,对承台C40海工混凝土配合比设计的思路、方法、质量控制、施工应用等方面进行阐述。通过正交设计法,确定了符合抗裂性和抗氯离子渗透性能要求的海工混凝土配合比,该配合比应用后,工作性好,也未出现结构危害裂缝,承台工程质量得到控制和保证。