谈湄洲湾海域环境污染的防控及执法监管

通过对湄洲湾海域生态环境和人文环境的描述,结合中国海洋环境污染的典型案例,阐述保护湄洲湾海域环境的法律措施,并展望保护湄洲湾海域环境的设想。     

江苏船舶配套业发展现状与对策分析

近些年来,随着江苏造船业的快速发展,船舶配套业发展相对滞后,制约了江苏船舶工业的进一步发展。加快发展江苏船舶配套业是一项迫切而艰巨的任务。本文通过对江苏船舶配套业发展现状的研究分析,从优势地区、优势企业、优势产品以及优势技术四个方面阐述了江苏船舶配套业发展思路;并结合产业集群相关理论提出了江苏船舶配套业的发展对策。     

关于船舶排放控制区与实施限硫监管的思考

从船舶排放控制区实施与限硫监管现状出发,通过探讨船舶限硫相关法律法规和海事监管执法工作中存在的问题,提出完善法规和改进监管工作建议.     

气胀式海上救生设备的自动检测系统设计

以气胀筏为例,介绍了一种用计算机控制的气胀式海上救生设备的自动检测方法.通过对充气气压、保压时间的全过程记录,保证检测过程严格按照标准进行,避免了各类人为因素对检测结果的影响,确保检测结果的客观性和正确性,从而保障了船上人员的生命安全.     

俄罗斯规范下船舶撞击能量计算和护舷选型

护舷是船舶与陆域建筑物接触的装置,它能够有效地防止船体免于在靠泊、停泊中产生损坏,也能够起到保护陆域结构物的作用。一个完整的护舷设计应包含几种护舷布置的替代方案,护舷选型的确定对泊位设计有着至关重要的作用,直接影响着码头的设计荷载。依据俄罗斯规范对码头护舷选型进行案例分析,并与国标进行比较,为港口工程工作者提供设计参考。     

柴电混合动力改造轴系复装方案研究

介绍了《钢制海船入级规范》对船舶推进轴系振动与校中的一般要求。结合某型船特定配置及改造情况,深入分析了柴电混合动力系统改造轴系复原安装的特点。基于理论计算和经验,提出了满足柴电动力系统改造要求的轴系复原安装方案。该方案应用于某船柴电混合动力系统改造项目,轴系设备运行正常,顺利通过船检和海试验收。该思路和方法可为后续船舶轴系改造复装提供借鉴和参考。     

Marine Shoreline Management—A 35-Year Evaluation of Outcomes in San Juan County,Washington, US

In 1976, Washington became the first state to implement the federal Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) primarily through the 1971 WA Shoreline Management Act (SMA). However, there has been little effort in Washington to evaluate outcomes of shoreline protection programs post SMA. In 2006–2008, we characterized shoreline conditions in San Juan County over three time periods spanning pre and post SMA and engaged community members to improve effectiveness of shoreline protection. We found modest improvements in forest retention on marine shorelines between pre and post 1977, but few other improvements through time. While we could not measure shoreline construction rates, construction practices for shore armor and overwater structures (docks) have changed very little, despite the increased regulatory standards. The vast majority of shore armor constructed post SMA occurred without mandatory county or state permits likely due to: widespread perception that permits were unnecessary and that permit standards were arbitrary and inconsistently applied; poor understanding of shoreline ecology by community members; lack of county or state enforcement authority and shoreline monitoring programs; and poor permit tracking systems.     

Conceptualizing Social Outcomes of Large Marine Protected Areas

There has been an assumption that because many large marine protected areas (LMPAs) are designated in areas with relatively few direct uses, they therefore have few stakeholders and negligible social outcomes. This article challenges this assumption with diverse examples of social outcomes that are distinctive in LMPAs. We define social outcomes as inclusive of both social change processes and social impacts, where “social” includes all perceptual or material human dimensions. We draw on five in-depth case studies to report social outcomes resulting from proposed or designated LMPAs in Bermuda, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Kiribati, Palau, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands & Guam. We conclude: (1) social outcomes arise even in remote LMPAs; (2) LMPA efforts generate social outcomes at all stages of development; (3) LMPAs have the potential to produce outcomes at a higher level of social organization, which can change the scope and type of affected populations and, in some cases, the nature and stakes of the outcomes themselves; (4) the potential for LMPAs to impart distinctive social outcomes results from their unique geographies and/or intersection with high-level politics and policy processes; and (5) social outcomes of LMPAs may emerge in the form of social change processes and/or social impacts.     

喷水推进轴流泵三元水力设计

基于环量的三元设计方法和计算流体动力学,研究了叶片数、叶片流向环量中心位置与叶片出口边环量对叶轮性能的影响,分析了导叶进口边和出口边环量对喷水推进轴流泵性能的影响,通过合理地控制这些因素,设计了一种效率高、空化性能好的喷水推进轴流泵。在流量为56.2m3·s-1时,泵的扬程为35.9m,功率为21 465kW,效率为92.3%,可见,设计泵的性能优良,效率高。研究结果表明:增加叶片数能够有效减小单叶片转矩,当叶片数从5个增加到7个时,单叶片转矩减小了21%;叶片环量中心靠近出口边,有利于提高叶轮的空化性能,当环量中心从叶片弦长的0.3处移动到0.7处时,叶轮吸力面空化面积减小80%;叶轮出口边环量斜率会影响叶轮效率,当斜率分别为0.8、1.0和1.2时,叶轮效率逐步提高;当出口边环量从0.40增加到0.50时,叶轮的扬程和功率近似线性增加,扬程增加19.9%,功率增加19.5%;随着导叶进口边环量与出口边环量的比值的增大,泵效率先增大后减小,当比值为0.93时,泵的效率最高;导叶出口边环量分布会影响泵的效率、出口不均匀度和出口周向动能,当导叶出口边环量为-0.05时,泵的效率最高,出口不均匀度和出口周向动能最小。     

Multisite,Interdisciplinary Applications of Science to Marine Policy: The Conservation International Marine Management Area Science Program

This special issue provides insight into global conservation science by analyzing a 5-year, $12.5 million global marine conservation science and policy program that included over 50 studies in four priority regions involving over 100 scientists and numerous partners. In doing so, it provides reflections on critical challenges for any conservation science program that is intended to inform policymaking, including how to (1) ensure that science process and products influence conservation actions, (2) build global learning from a network of site-based projects, (3) strengthen in-region capacity, and (4) manage relationships across scales among scientists, conservationists, headquarters, and field-based staff. Information is presented on the development and progress of the program as a whole in addition to specific articles covering each of four focal geographic areas: Belize, Brazil, the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape, and Fiji.