平潭海峡大桥船舶交通管理系统管理程度研究

平潭海峡是中小型船舶东北季风盛行季节北上的黄金水道。近年来随着国民经济的快速增长,沿海航运业得到迅猛发展,海峡船舶密度明显增大。平潭海峡大桥位于平潭海峡中部,桥区通航孔附近每小时最大交通量为17艘,出现船舶追越局面的可能性较大。海峡碍航物多,水流复杂,且小型船舶违规、违章航行现象较普遍,存在一定的安全隐患。定量分析桥区船舶交通危险,进行科学的船舶交通管理系统成本与效益分析,恰当划分与确定船舶交管系统等级,使系统的建设规模符合当地船舶交通的实际需要,力求取得较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

某轮柴油主机气缸套活塞环损伤机理探讨

通过对损伤的活塞环断口进行扫描电镜观察和能谱仪分析,并对其燃油进行化验,在此基础上,探讨了气缸套、活塞环产生过度磨损及活塞环折断的机理.     

新型聚脲防水材料在海洋环境明挖隧道中的应用研究

以博鳌通道工程为例,从施工的可行性、科学性和经济性等方面介绍在海洋环境下明挖隧道中采用喷涂新型聚脲防水材料施工技术,着重阐述了在隧道结构外部进行喷涂新型聚脲防水材料的施工工艺,并指出了在聚脲防水施工中的注意事项,特别是隧道在海洋环境下有效克服了海水的侵蚀渗漏。此项施工技术的应用不仅有效地缩短了工期、节约了成本,还显著提高了防水效果,为类似条件下工程积累了设计与施工的经验。     

China’s electric car frustrations

By 2020, the vehicle population in China will likely exceed 280 million—exacerbating national energy security, urban air pollution, and traffic congestion. In response, many local and regional governments in China are pursuing an expanding array of measures to restrain growth in personal vehicle ownership and, along with the central government, reducing emissions and energy use of vehicles. One prominent strategy is the promotion of new energy vehicles, especially plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Large subsidies were offered—up to $27,600 (171,000 RMB) per vehicle in some regions, including almost $9200 (57,000 RMB) from the central government—which suggests that China is making a major commitment to PEVs. But sales have been meager. In 2013, only 17,600 PEVs, mostly buses and utility trucks, were sold, less than 0.1% of total civilian vehicle sales. Several factors explain the failure of PEV sales to take off: (1) protectionism by local governments; (2) uncertainty over which electric-drive vehicle technologies to promote and what consumers are willing to pay, (3) lagging investments in charging infrastructure, and (4) conservative investment behavior by automakers and battery manufacturers. The central government issued directives to local governments in late 2013 to reduce barriers to out-of-town companies, resulting in modest sales increases in early 2014, but a more coherent, broader, and effective set of policies, incentives, and strategies are needed to overcome consumer and industry resistance and the lack of charging infrastructure.     

加强高校海洋生态环境道德教育的思考

21世纪是海洋世纪,海洋是人类未来的希望,是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分,也是一种有助于实现可持续发展的宝贵财富.在海洋生态环境日益恶化的今天,高校应积极开展海洋生态环境道德教育,提高大学生的海洋生态环境道德意识.阐释了海洋生态环境道德教育的定义,分析了加强高校海洋生态环境道德教育必要性,提出了加强海洋生态环境道德教育的有效途径.     

Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping

Various market-based measures have been proposed to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping. One promising mechanism under consideration is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This study analyzes and benchmarks the economic implications of two alternative ETS mechanisms, namely, an open ETS compared to a Maritime only ETS (METS). The analytical solutions and model calibration results allow us to quantify the impacts of alternative ETS schemes on the container shipping sector and the dry bulk shipping sector. It is found that an ETS, whether open or maritime only, will decrease shipping speed, carrier outputs and fuel consumption for both the container and dry bulk sectors, even in the presence of a “wind-fall” profit to shipping companies. Under an open ETS, the dry bulk sector will suffer from a higher proportional reduction in output than the container sector, and will thus sell more emission permits or purchase fewer permits. Under an METS, container carriers will buy emission permits from the dry bulk side. In addition, under an METS the degree of competition within one sector will have spill-over effects on the other sector. Specifically, when the sector that sells (buys) permits is more collusive (competitive), the equilibrium permit price will rise. This study provides a framework for identifying the moderating effects of market structure and competition between firms on emission reduction schemes, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential impacts of ETS schemes on individual sectors within an industry when considering alternative policies.     

驻车加热器的应用现状及问题分析

为了使车辆能在低温下顺利起动,减少车辆冷起动带来的排放污染,越来越多的车辆开始使用驻车加热器。通过介绍驻车加热器的应用现状,指出现有加热器存在的问题,并分析问题产生的原因,提出可行的解决方法,可供同行参考。     

浅谈港口设备制造企业成本控制

面对激烈的竞争,设备制造企业必须加强成本控制。以上海电力环保设备总厂为例,阐述全面预算管理在港口设备制造企业的具体应用和产品成本控制的做法。分析存在问题,提出改进措施。     

工业海洋大气环境下焊接耐候钢Q355NHD腐蚀后力学性能研究

随着钢结构桥梁建设需求不断提高、应用日益广泛,耐候钢以其优良的耐候性能,从材料层面为钢桥防腐提供了一种理想方案;但是,由于中国应用耐候钢的时间较短,耐候钢在某些自然环境下的适用性尚未得到充分论证,对其腐蚀后基本力学性能和疲劳性能的认识尚不完善。为此,以钢桥常用的Q355NHD焊接耐候钢及其对接焊缝为研究对象,针对中国滨海城市常见的工业海洋大气环境,通过周期浸润加速腐蚀试验探讨Q355NHD的耐候性能,并对腐蚀后Q355NHD的单调拉伸性能和疲劳性能开展试验研究。基于形貌观察、基体扫描、锈层分析和腐蚀深度计算等多角度分析,发现在模拟工业海洋大气环境下,Q355NHD尽管会形成具有一定致密性的锈层,但其腐蚀速率等宏观指标相比于普通钢并不突出。腐蚀后单调拉伸试验结果表明:腐蚀8周(等效于青岛受工业污染的海洋大气环境下自然腐蚀20年)后Q355NHD母材试件的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别下降8.1%和7.2%,对接焊缝试件的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别下降14.1%和12.5%。腐蚀后疲劳试验结果表明:腐蚀8周后Q355NHD母材试件和对接焊缝试件的设计疲劳强度分别下降35.6%和30.3%,为317.9 MPa和211.0 MPa,但仍然满足《钢结构设计标准》(GB 50017-2017)中相应构造类别的疲劳设计要求。经与既有文献报道的Q355普通钢试验结果对比,表明尽管Q355NHD在工业海洋大气环境中未表现出良好的耐腐蚀性能,不建议按免涂装使用,但其力学性能在不同批次试验结果中处于较高水平,可以视为一种优质的Q355钢材。     

Looking Beyond Cargo and Cruise Ships: Promoting Academic Marine Research and Clean Technologies as an Economic Development Strategy for Ports

The Port of Los Angeles (Port) is the largest container port in the Western Hemisphere, and a catalyst for business activity and employment. Historically, the majority of the Port's workforce lived in the communities directly adjacent to the Port. However, in the latter half of the last century, jobs and economic activity began to shift away from the Port, causing public attitudes in the local communities to change. Instead of being viewed as the source of their livelihood, local residents began to view the port as a generator of environmental impacts and industrial blight. Formidable community opposition to Port growth and modernization ensued. Employment within the Port district peaked in the mid 20th century at 100,000. By 2009, the Port had only 12,700 jobs. To re-establish and maintain a long-term positive relationship between the Port and its neighbors, the Port needed to increase the numbers of local residents in the port on a daily basis. The Port looked beyond its traditional role of cargo handling, to leverage creation of new water-dependent job clusters. The strategy incorporates elements of the traditional cluster concept by proposing to co-locate and create synergies between technology developers, university researchers, and marine and maritime industries.