The Offshore Wind Power Debate: Views from Cape Cod

Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are estimated to be over 400 GW, several times the electricity used by U.S. eastern coastal states. The first U.S. developer proposes to build 130 large (40 story tall) wind turbines in Nantucket Sound, just outside Massachusetts state waters. These would provide 420 MW at market prices, enough electricity for most of Cape Cod. The project is opposed by a vigorous and well-financed coalition. Polling shows local public opinion on the project almost equally divided. This article draws on semistructured interviews with residents of Cape Cod to analyze values, beliefs, and logic of supporters and opponents. For example, one value found to lead to opposition is that the ocean is a special place that should be kept natural and free of human intrusion. One line of argument found to lead to support is: The war in Iraq is problematic, this war is “really” over petroleum, Cape Cod generates electricity from oil, therefore, the wind project would improve U.S. security. Based on analysis of the values and reasoning behind our interview data, we identify four issues that are relevant but not currently part of the debate.     

基于感应滤波的电力推进船舶电网谐波抑制

为研究谐波抑制方法在电力推进船舶电网中的应用,提出了一种基于感应滤波方式,同时具有自耦补偿和谐波抑制作用的新型推进变压器结构。该变压器二次侧采用延边三角形接线,它将传统滤波和无功补偿装置移至绕组内部且公共绕组的等效短路漏电感为零设计,使船舶大功率变流设备在电能变换过程中产生的谐波源无法进入交流网侧,有效地抑制了谐波对船舶电网的污染。对比船舶电网传统滤波方法,对新型推进变压器的结构设计,滤波原理进行了介绍,并分别对基于新型和传统推进变压器的6相交直交推进方式船舶电力系统进行了SIMU-LINK仿真,仿真结果的电流波形和电流频谱验证了方案的正确性和可行性。     

基于故障树的船用核动力装置维修性建模研究

结合船用核动力装置的特点,阐述了建立基于故障树维修性模型的方法和流程.以建立故障树为基础,建立了关于船用堆余热排出系统基于故障树的维修性模型,对其进行定量分析得到系统修复性维修时间.该方法直接利用可靠性分析中的故障树建立模型,节省了建模强度,计算结果由可靠性数据支持,克服了以往定量分析中维修性数据不足的缺点.     

船舶主机数字调速仿真训练器的研制

为了研究船舶主机调速系统的特性和控制算法,将船舶主机调速系统的性能要求转化为复合PID控制算法的问题,研制基于Nabtesco MG-800Ⅲ的数字调速仿真器。非线性PID实现主机转速控制,其比例增益、微分增益和积分增益分别是控制偏差的非线性函数。模糊自整定PID实现主机油门的位置控制,其PID的3个参数随着偏差和偏差变化速度,根据模糊控制原理进行在线修改。物理仿真结果表明,数字调速器的非线性模糊自适应PID算法能提高调速系统的动态精度和抑制扰动的能力。     

几例船舶主机故障现象及其分析

船舶主机是船舶的动力核心，与主机相关的故障如果不能被及时发现和处理，将会造成严重的事故。文章就作者在船上的工作经历，介绍了船舶主机的几例故障现象，并对这些故障的原因进行了适当的分析，说明了有效的维护是船用设备可靠工作的必要保证。     

论轮机英语词汇的特点及认知策略

在轮机英语词汇的学习过程中，同遗忘做斗争的主要问题是词汇记忆的编码或组织问题。针对轮机英语词汇科技术语多，缩略语多、复合词多等特点，本论文提出在学和教的两方面应采取积极的认知策略。其中精加工策略、组织策略和恰当的复习策略有助于建立稳固的长时记忆编码，从而促进轮机英语词汇知识的保持和巩固。     

Participating mass in colliding risers

One of the main challenges in estimating impact energy in collisions between marine risers is the assessment of the riser mass involved in the collision. Evidently the entire riser mass does not contribute to the collision. Hence, the question is: What is the equivalent riser mass which contributes to the impact energy? This article presents three different ways of estimating the riser mass participating in the collision energy. The first method is strictly experimental. The second method uses a numerical experiment together with system identification techniques. The third method is a strictly analytical method, which results in an asymptotically upper bounded estimate of the participating mass. Two risers are examined as case studies. The first riser is a 1 : 100 model scale riser used in collision experiments carried out at Marintek's towing tank in Trondheim, Norway. The second case uses a real world riser in use on the Troll B oil production platform operating in the North Sea. The proposed methods yield consistent and comparable results. Received for publication on Feb. 1, 1999; accepted on July 8, 1999     

光谱分析技术在船舶燃料油与气缸油配伍研究中的应用

本文叙述了用原子吸收光谱分析方法研究船用重质燃料油与不同气缸油的配伍试验时使用 Bolnes 三缸柴油机和原子吸收光谱仪,通过测定废气缸油中铁、铬含量来确定气缸磨损情况,用磨损指数和清洁分散性系统地评价配伍效果。采用该方法,可在短期运行后不需停机,拆机,即可取样测定.原子吸收光谱分析法灵敏度高,精确度强,是一种有价值的方法.     

膜生物反应器中的膜污染问题

膜生物反应器是高效膜分离技术与生化技术相结合的新型污水处理技术,它与传统污水处理技术有着明显的优越性。但是在运行过程膜污染问题却严重制约了它的推广应用。本文对膜污染的成因进行了分析,并介绍了控制膜污染的几种方法。     

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Value of Marine Spatial Planning Towards Advancing Offshore Wind in the U.S.

The United States contributes only 0.2% of the 18,814?MW of global installed offshore wind capacity. Lack of development has been attributed in part to a cumbersome regulatory process that includes the evaluation of environmental impacts. Assessments are based on biological, social, and technical data that are often incomplete. Marine spatial planning (MSP) may help fill data gaps. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants to understand (1) whether a lack of biological data impedes offshore wind environmental assessments, (2) whether MSP could mitigate these impediments, and (3) whether MSP could advance offshore wind development in the U.S. in other ways. Most informants stated that a lack of biological data in offshore wind environmental assessments was problematic due to incomplete data, uncertainty of data, and mismatched scales. Data issues may be mitigated by creation of data products and increased communication, outcomes of MSP that may benefit the regulatory process by increasing data availability, resolving conflicts among users, and providing a common operating picture. Challenges remain in integrating MSP into the processes of siting and permitting offshore wind, but it provides a strategic framework for the systematic identification, collection, collation, analyses, application, and management of data in the offshore wind environmental regulatory process.