饱和地基下桩柱结构地震响应

通过建立两相饱和地基下桩-土耦合系统的动力分析有限元数值模型,对饱和自由场地基以及桩柱结构在地震作用下的动力响应进行数值模拟研究。结果表明:在地震作用下超孔隙水压沿深度方向呈现出指数衰减趋势,在地表处更易导致地基液化从而散失承载能力。随着超孔隙水压的上升土体强度降低后,饱和地基土层对地震波的高频成分有明显的选择性滤波作用。在桩柱结构地震响应分析中,受桩土间动力耦合作用的影响,桩侧土体比远场地基土更易液化。随着地基承载力的降低,导致桩柱动力以及弯矩响应上升。研究结果与已有桩基础震害经验相符,其方法和结论可对饱和可液化地基抗震工程提供参考。     

Analysis of occupational accidents encountered by deck cadets in maritime transportation

The 2010 Manila amendments to the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping Code (STCW) was adopted by the idea to render the profession more attractive to the seafarers, particularly to cadets. It is possible to ensure greater attraction only by providing suitable and safe working conditions on board to cadets. This study analyses occupational accidents and near misses encountered by ocean going deck cadets, who received A-II/I training, during their sea training. The aim of this study was to determine causal factors influencing work accidents and to propose several recommendations for the safety of deck cadets. A total of 857 officer candidates, who received maritime education at university level in Turkey, were interviewed. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used in the study to analyse the occupational accidents. As a result of this study on deck cadets, the most risky areas for work accidents were found to be the deck (39.9%), cargo areas (35.7%), areas used for manoeuvring operations (including winch areas and areas in which berthing, unberthing, and anchoring operations take place) (16.1%), and accommodation areas (8.3%). The most important root causes for occupational accidents were identified as not using personal protective equipment (24.2%), haste (22.6%), and presence in inappropriate places (13.6%). This study offers some important insight into the prevention of occupational accidents, and includes suggestions and advisory opinions of sector representatives. As a result of this study, several recommendations for the prevention of accidents are proposed.     

Coastal Tourist Interest in Value-Added,Aquaculture-Based,Culinary Tourism Opportunities

Despite increasing focus on sustainable aquaculture investment in the U.S. coastal zones, the aquaculture industry continues to face skepticism among consumers due to perceived negative environmental impacts, and health and food safety concerns. Partnering with culinary tourism and local food promotion efforts has potential for improving public outreach about the benefits of aquaculture, especially in coastal destinations where sustainable marine aquaculture and tourism are both occurring. Culinary tourism implies that local foods reflect the local livelihood and culture, and may be important to the tourist's experience. Aquaculture is becoming increasingly valuable to coastal destinations for assuring the steady availability of local seafood to meet demand and retaining commercial fisheries as a means to differentiate themselves to tourists. This study examined the role of subjective knowledge and attitude about aquaculture, and their effect on intention to participate in value-added culinary aquaculture tourism experiences. The study found that tourists' subjective knowledge and attitude about aquaculture influenced intentions to participate in culinary aquaculture tourism. In order for farmers or tour operators to be successful in diversifying with value-added culinary aquaculture, attention needs to be paid to educating consumers, which may be possible through strategic partnerships with tourism organizations, chefs, and restaurants.     

Papahānaumokuākea: Integrating Culture in the Design and Management of one of the World's Largest Marine Protected Areas

Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is one of the world's largest marine protected areas and was designated the first mixed conservation site in the United States due to its natural and cultural importance. It is also the world's first cultural seascape, being recognized for its continuing connections to indigenous people. As the westernmost place in the Hawaiian universe, many believe these islands and seas are the pathway that Native Hawaiians travel after death, returning to pō (night; realm of the gods). This intimate kinship has profound implications for contemporary management. Current management emphasizes integration of science, policy, cultural knowledge, traditions, and practices to create successful management strategies appropriate for both natural and cultural resources. This management is based on Native Hawaiian values and practices that incorporate observation and understanding of the natural world, indigenous principles and philosophies, cultural norms, community relationships, and unique epistemologies deeply imbedded in and formed by relationships of people with place. A cornerstone of this effort has been the direct involvement of cultural practitioners in policy, management, education, and research. This biocultural approach has led to more effective management of the monument and serves as a model for conservation around the world.     

船用柴油机12PA6B超负荷性能试验研究

我国船用柴油机功率标准规定柴油机应能够在超负荷功率(即110%标定功率)下连续运转。超负荷工况各参数变化可以反映柴油机的整体性能,是船用柴油机负荷试验的重要工况点。本文通过陕柴重工生产的12PA6B柴油机的负荷试验,研究证实该机型在超负荷工况下能保持较低的燃油消耗率和烟度排放,以及较高的功率和扭矩输出。     

舰载武器海洋环境适应性分析

海洋环境的特殊性对舰载武器在环境适应性设计及贮存和使用过程中的可靠性提出了更高的要求。文章分析了舰载武器面临的海洋环境及其对武器可靠性的影响,提出了提高舰载武器环境适应性和可靠性的措施。     

海洋核动力平台智能化能效管理研究

中国正在进行的海洋核动力平台必将朝着智能化能效管理方向发展,本文研究了海洋核动力平台的智能化能效管理系统的基本功能、系统结构、能效评估与能效管理决策等内容,分析了实现智能化能效管理的关键技术,指出了仍需要解决的重大问题。     

波浪作用下海洋立管试验研究及ANSYS数值模拟

海洋立管在石油工业生产中有着非常广泛的应用,同时也是薄弱易损的构件之一。立管管内有高温高压的流体流过,管外承受海洋环境荷载尤其是波浪荷载的作用,受力比较复杂。由于中国大部分的海上油田水深都比较浅,所以重点研究浅水中的海洋立管。运用相似理论将实际立管模型缩放为试验模型,在管内流体流动及管外波浪荷载作用下,测量立管动力响应,并与Ansys有限元数值模拟结果进行了比较。     

Studies on emergency evacuation management for maritime transportation

Marine transportation is a vital component of the world’s economy and transportation network. The number of people using passenger ships around the globe is increasing worldwide. Similar to other transportation systems, passenger safety is critical in maritime shipment. As emergency evacuation processes for ships are highly different from and more complicated than those for buildings and other vehicles, many researchers have published a vast range of documents related to this peculiar research area. However, there is a tangible lack of sufficient literature review studies that investigate marine emergency evacuation (MEE). That being the case, the potential of marine transportation and the effect of emergency evacuation operation on life safety have inspired the proposal of this study. This paper offers a review of the available literature on MEE modelling, analysis and planning during the period from 1973 to 2017 using a systematic approach. After reviewing relevant academic journals, peer-reviewed conference papers, and technical reports of agencies, relevant literature is analysed. In addition, the literature review is extended by means of proposing a framework methodology which considers different possible conditions and situations during MEE. Finally, insights for ship managers and policymakers are discussed and potential future research directions are identified.     

基于ADAMS的舰载补给起重机摇摆仿真及减摇措施分析

舰载补给起重机吊运柱状箱体时,箱体会由于各种外界影响发生摇摆。针对舰载补给起重机起吊的柱状箱体在舰船摇荡、起重机启停、风载的影响下发生的摇摆进行了ADAMS动力学仿真,得到了这3种因素对柱状箱体摇摆的影响情况,以及柱状箱体在预设工况下的运动规律。改变钢丝绳数量和布置形式进行仿真,得到了不同钢丝绳数量和布置下柱状箱体的运动情况以及相对单根钢丝绳的减摇效果,为进行动基座起重机减摇、防摇研究提供了依据。